Table 3.
Fatty acid profile of oil extracted from hemp hearts (HSHE), hemp whole seeds (HSWH), hemp cake (HSCA), hemp seed hulls (HSHU) and cold-pressed hemp oil (HSCP). Results are expressed in mg/g biomass and the percentage of individual fatty acid in the oil is given in the parenthesis.
| Fatty Acid (FA) | HSHE | HSWH | HSCA | HSHU | HSCP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myristic acid (C14:0) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Myristoleic acid (C14:1) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) | - | - | - | - | - |
| cis-10-Pentadecenoic acid (C15:1) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Palmitic acid (C16:0) | 47.2 ± 12.0 (5.8) | 45.6 ± 4.3 (6.1) | 55.2 ± 2.9 (6.4) | 55.1 ± 0.6 (6.8) | 49.0 ± 0.4 (5.7) |
| Palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) | - | - | - | - | - |
| C16:2 n-4 | - | - | - | - | - |
| C17:0 (Heptadecanoic acid) | 0.3 ± 0.2 (0.0) | 0.1 ± 0.2 (0.0) | - | 0.6 ± 0.0 (0.1) | - |
| C16:3 n-4 | - | - | - | - | - |
| cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) | - | - | - | - | - |
| C16:4 n-1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Stearic acid (C18:0) | 21.1 ± 0.5 (2.6) | 18.4 ± 1.8 (2.5) | 20.7 ± 1.1 (2.4) | 18.8 ± 0.2 (2.3) | 20.8 ± 0.2 (2.4) |
| Oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) | 33.0 ± 57.2 (11.9) | 80.3 ± 7.8 (10.7) | 86.4 ± 5.1 (10.0) | 79.3 ± 0.8 (9.7) | 81.2 ± 0.6 (9.5) |
| cis-Vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7) | 5.7 ± 0.2 (0.7) | 6.3 ± 0.6 (0.8) | 7.9 ± 0.4 (0.9) | 7.5 ± 0.1 (0.9) | 6.8 ± 0.1 (0.8) |
| Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) | 455.9 ± 10.9 (56.9) | 417.8 ± 41.2 (55.9) | 481.5 ± 28.0 (55.7) | 447.8 ± 4.7 (54.9) | 480.1 ± 3.7 (55.9) |
| γ-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-6) | 27.1 ± 0.7 (3.3) | 30.0 ± 3.0 (4.0) | 27.1 ± 1.6 (3.1) | 34.4 ± 0.4 (4.2) | 36.8 ± 0.3 (4.3) |
| α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) | 136.2 ± 3.3 (16.7) | 125.1 ± 12.9 (16.7) | 158.6 ± 9.1 (18.4) | 143.5 ± 1.5 (17.6) | 155.6 ± 1.2 (18.1) |
| Stearidonic acid (C18:4 n-3) | 9.6 ± 0.2 (1.2) | 9.7 ± 1.0 (1.3) | 9.4 ± 0.6 (1.1) | 10.4 ± 0.1 (1.3) | 12.8 ± 0.1 (1.5) |
| Arachidic acid (C20:0) | 7.3 ± 0.2 (0.9) | 7.0 ± 0.7 (0.9) | 7.5 ± 0.4 (0.9) | 7.9 ± 0.1 (1.0) | 7.7 ± 0.1 (0.9) |
| cis-11-Eicosenoic acid (C20:1 n-9) | 3.6 ± 0.1 (0.4) | 3.3 ± 0.3 (0.4) | 3.0 ± 0.2 (0.5) | 3.8 ± 0.1 (0.5) | 3.7 ± 0.1 (0.4) |
| cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2) | 0.4 ± 0.3 (0.0) | 1.1 ± 0.8 (0.1) | 1.6 ± 1.9 (0.2) | 0.7 ± 0.0 (0.1) | 0.2 ± 0.4 (0.0) |
| cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3 n-6) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Henicosanoic acid (C21:0) | - | - | - | - | - |
| cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3 n-3) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Behenic acid (C22:0) | 2.7 ± 0.1 (0.3) | 0.7 ± 0.1 (0.1) | 3.3 ± 0.1 (0.4) | 3.7 ± 0.0 (0.5) | 3.1 ± 0.0 (0.4) |
| Erucic acid (C22:1 n-9) | - | 1.0 ± 0.1 (0.1) | - | - | - |
| Docosadienoic acid (C22:2 n-3) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Lignoceric acid (C24:0) | 1.1 ± 0.0 (0.1) | 1.3 ± 0.1 (0.4) | - | 1.9 ± 0.0 (0.2) | 1.4 ± 0.0 (0.2) |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Others | 1.1 ± 0.4 (0.1) | 1.3 ± 0.4 (0.5) | 0.8 ± 0.0 (0.1) | 1.0 ± 0.0 (0.1) | 1.3 ± 0.4 (0.2) |
| Total | 814.9 (100) | 747.7 (100) | 863.9 (100) | 815.4 (100) | 859.2 (100) |
| ∑ SFA | 79.7 (9.8) | 73.1 (9.8) | 86.7 (10.0) | 88 (10.8) | 82.0 (9.5) |
| ∑ MUFA | 106.0 (13.0) | 89.9 (12.0) | 98.2 (11.4) | 90.6 (11.1) | 91.7 (10.7) |
| ∑ n-6 PUFA | 483.0 (59.3) | 447.8 (59.9) | 508.6 (58.9) | 482.2 (59.1) | 516.9 (60.2) |
| ∑ n-3 PUFA | 145.8 (17.9) | 134.8 (18.0) | 168 (19.4) | 153.9 (18.9) | 168.4 (19.6) |
| ω-6:ω-3 ratio | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
(-)—not detected.