Table 1.

Some notable examples of MXene QDs with biomedical applicability.

MXene QDs	Synthesis Methods	Applications	Ref.
Ti3C2	Hydrothermal synthesis	Immunomodulation	[41]
Ti3C2	Hydrothermal synthesis	Glutathione detection and photoelectrochemical biosensing	[42]
Ti3C2	Intercalation-ultrasound sysnthesis	Prostate-specific antigen detection	[43]
Mo2C	Ultrasound-assisted synthesis	(Bio)imaging and photothermal therapy	[44]
Mo2C	Molten salt (molybdenum acetylacetonate, NaCl, 800 °C for 2 h)	Nitrogen reduction reaction	[12]
V2C	Hydrothermal synthesis	(Bio)imaging, photothermal therapy, and tumor destruction	[45]
Ti3C2	Hydrothermal synthesis	Multicolor cellular imaging and Zn2+ detection	[30]
Ti3C2	Ultrasound-assisted synthesis; fluorine-free preparation	(Bio)imaging and photothermal therapy	[31]
Ti3C2	Hydrothermal synthesis	(Bio)imaging and pH sensor	[13]
Ti3C2	Hydrothermal synthesis	Enzyme assay and cell identification	[46]
Ti2C	Hydrothermal synthesis	Antioxidant effects	[47]
Ti3C2	Hydrothermal synthesis	Cytochrome c and trypsin detection	[48]
Ti3C2	Reflux technique	Glutathione detection	[49]
Ti3C2	Hydrothermal synthesis	Bioimaging, macrophage labeling, and Cu2+ detection	[50]
MoS2	Hydrothermal synthesis	Methanol oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction	[51]
Ti3C2	Microwave-assisted technique	Detection of curcumin and hypochlorite (ClO−)	[26]