Table 4.

Joint moments and normalised vertical ground reaction force (GRF) during stair ascend and stair descend for patients compared to controls. Data is presented as mean (standard deviation)

	Patients	Controls	p value	Cohen’s d
Stair ascend
Vertical GRF (% body weight)	111 (7)	120 (8)	0.04	1
Knee flexion moment	0.4 (0.2)	0.5 (0.2)	0.48	–
Knee extension moment	0.4 (0.2)	0.4 (0.3)	0.97	–
Hip flexion moment	0.4 (0.2)	0.6 (0.3)	0.15	–
Hip extension moment	0.3 (0.1)	0.4 (0.1)	0.08	–
Hip adduction moment	0.9 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	0.18	–
Stair descend
Vertical GRF (% body weight)	127 (13)	159 (19)	< 0.01	1.4
Knee flexion moment	0.4 (0.3)	0.5 (0.3)	0.31	–
Knee extension moment	0.3 (0.1)	0.2 (0.1)	0.29	–
Hip flexion moment	0.3 (0.1)	0.4 (0.3)	0.17	–
Hip extension moment	0.5 (0.1)	0.8 (0.3)	< 0.01	1.2
Hip adduction moment	1 (0.2)	1.2 (0.3)	0.19	–

Bold p values indicate a significant between-group difference