Table 2.
Indications and perioperative outcomes by time periods
| Variable | Early Period 1998 to 2004 n = 62 |
Middle Period 2005 to 2011 n = 367 |
Recent Period 2012 to 2018 n = 803 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indications, n | ||||
| CRLM | 45 (72.6%) | 251 (68.4%) | 546 (68%) | 0.759 |
| Primary liver cancera | 1 (1.6%) | 20 (5.4%) | 87 (10.8%) | 0.002 |
| Benign lesions | 10 (16%) | 35 (9.5%) | 77 (9.6%) | 0.258 |
| Age, media (IQR) | 59 (54–70) | 65 (56–73) | 66 (56–73) | 0.026 |
| Male sex, n | 32 (50%) | 190 (51.7%) | 429 (53.4%) | 0.854 |
| ASA score, median (IQR) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 0.482 |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 24.4 (22.5–27.8) | 25 (22.7–28.1) | 25.2 (22.7–28.4) | 0.998 |
| Resection of multiple (> 1) lesions, n | 11 (22.4%) | 88 (26.6%) | 252 (31.4%) | 0.071 |
| Operation time, min, median (IQR) | 182 (138–245) | 135 (90–200) | 120 (81–180) | < 0.001 |
| Blood loss, ml, median (IQR) | 550 (200–1225) | 250 (50–638) | 200 (50–600) | 0.023 |
| Concomitant RF or Cryo-ablation, n | 6 (9.7%) | 18 (4.9%) | 50 (6.2%) | 0.284 |
| Conversions, n | ||||
| Laparotomy | 5 (8%) | 7 (2%) | 28 (3.4%) | 0.034 |
| Hand- Assisted | 0 (0%) | 7 (1.9%) | 14 (1.7%) | 0.639 |
| Extent of resection | < 0.001 | |||
| Minor | 49 (79%) | 228 (62%) | 422 (52.6%) | |
| Left lateral sectionectomy | 14 | 40 | 84 | |
| Resection in AL segments | 35 | 188 | 338 | |
| Anatomically Major | 1 (1.6%) | 11 (3%) | 71 (8.8%) | |
| Left hemihepatectomy | 1 | 2 | 30 | |
| Right hemihepatectomy | 0 | 9 | 41 | |
| Technically Major | 12 (19.4%) | 128 (35%) | 310 (38.6%) | |
| Total morbidity, n | 10 (16.1%) | 70 (19%) | 170 (21.2%) | 0.581 |
| Grade ≥ II, n | 9 (14%) | 53 (14.4%) | 163 (20.3) | 0.038 |
| Severe (Grade ≥ III), n | 4 (6.5%) | 28 (7.6%) | 95 (11.8%) | 0.052 |
| Readmission, n | 3 (4.7%) | 15 (4.1%) | 64 (7.9%) | < 0.001 |
| 30-days mortality, n | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 3 (0.4%) | 1.00 |
| Post op. stay, days, median (IQR) | 3 (3–4) | 3 (2–5) | 2 (2–3) | < 0.001 |
| Median size of tumor, mm (IQR) | 30 (24–40) | 21 (15–35) | 25 (15–40) | 0.010 |
| Large tumors (> 50 mm), n | 9 (14.5%) | 37 (10.1%) | 129 (16.1%) | 0.024 |
| Median resection margin, mm (IQR) | 5 (1–10) | 3 (1–8) | 3 (1–7) | 0.040 |
| Median weight of specimen, g (IQR) | 92 (45–159) | 51 (24–147) | 60 (24–189) | 0.153 |
CRLM colorectal liver metastasis, IQR interquartile range, RF radiofrequency, AL anterolateral
aHepatocellular carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma