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. 2022 Apr 11;8:22. doi: 10.1038/s41522-022-00288-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot based on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity shows the dissimilarities of bacterial community between control and sucrose addition groups in rearing water, biofloc, and gut samples. b The pairwise dissimilarities of bacterial community of rearing water, biofloc and gut in control and sucrose addition culture systems. c The dissimilarities of bacterial communities within group of rearing water, biofloc and gut samples in control and sucrose addition culture systems. CK: without sucrose addition; CN10: the C/N ratio of about 10:1 obtained by sucrose addition; CN15: the C/N ratio of about 15:1 obtained by sucrose addition. Each sample had six replicates (n = 6), except the water samples (n = 4) and biofloc samples (n = 2) in control group. The boxes represent the median and interquartile range, and whiskers range from minimum to maximum values. Different asterisks indicate a significant difference at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 in (b) and (c) based on Student’s t test.