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. 2022 Apr 11;12:6025. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09691-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic illustration of the change in cell arrangement during the hydrocoel lobe morphogenesis. (a) represents an auricularia larva and (b) represents the development of its hydrocoel. The upper panel shows the overall shape of the hydrocoel, and the cell arrangement of the hydrocoel epithelium in dotted areas is shown in the lower panel. The hydrocoel at phase 1 consists of a single cell sheet, and it seemed to be multilayered at phase 2. As the formation of the hydrocoel lobe proceeded, the cell sheet became single layered again sequentially from the tip of the hydrocoel lobe (phase 3) to the proximal part of the lobe (phase 4).