Table 1.
Patients characteristics at inclusion
| Patients with sepsis n = 51 |
Patients without sepsis n = 41 |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 64 (53–73) | 59 (52–70) | 0.323 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 31 (61) | 38 (62) | 0.985 |
| Body mass index, kg m−2 | 24 (21–28) | 24 (22–26) | 0.998 |
| SAPS2 | 58 (46–70) | 52 (36–64) | 0.292 |
| SOFA | 10 (6–12) | 9 (6–11) | 0.351 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Active smoking | 23 (45) | 22 (54) | 0.414 |
| COPD | 10 (20) | 11 (27) | 0.412 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 15 (29) | 10 (24) | 0.591 |
| Cirrhosis | 11 (22) | 6 (15) | 0.394 |
| Primary reason for ventilation | |||
| Acute respiratory failure, n (%) | 38 (75) | 16 (39) | < 0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 37 (73) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
| Hypercapnic ACRF | 0 (0) | 6 (15) | 0.006 |
| Acute lung edema | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | 0.196 |
| Other | 1 (2) | 8 (20) | 0.009 |
| Shock, n (%) | 7 (14) | 6 (15) | 0.985 |
| Septic shock | 7 (14) | 0 (0) | 0.016 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | 0.110 |
| Other | 0 (0) | 4 (10) | 0.022 |
| Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 1 (2) | 6 (15) | 0.023 |
| Coma, n (%) | 5 (10) | 13 (32) | 0.008 |
| Stroke | 1 (2) | 5 (12) | 0.048 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 2 (4) | 5 (12) | 0.136 |
| Other | 2 (4) | 3 (7) | 0.475 |
| Clinical variables | |||
| Temperature > 38° or < 36° | 23 (45) | 18 (44) | 0.909 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 78 (70–94) | 77 (71–86) | 0.780 |
| Ptr,stim, cmH2O | 6.3 (4.9–8.7) | 9.8 (7–14.2) | 0.004 |
| Diaphragm dysfunction, n (%) | 43 (84) | 21 (51) | < 0.001 |
| End-expiratory diaphragm thickness, mm | 2.3 (1.8–2.7)a | 2.1 (1.8–2.5)b | 0.629 |
| Biological variables | |||
| White blood cells count, 10−9/l | 12.3 (7.5–17.7) | 11.6 (10–15.4) | 0.845 |
| PCT, ng/ml | 7.5 (1.5–41) | 1 (0.3–3.1) | < 0.001 |
| Blood lactate, mmol l−1 | 2 (1.2–3) | 2 (1.6–3) | 0.258 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 201 (144–300) | 248 (213–313) | 0.013 |
| Sedation | |||
| Hypnotics (propofol or midazolam), n (%) | 40 (100)c | 37 (100) d | 1.000 |
| Sufentanyl, n (%) | 35 (88) c | 32 (86) d | 1.000 |
| Organ support | |||
| Vasopressors, n (%) | 40 (78) | 26 (63) | 0.112 |
Categorical variables are expressed as absolute value (%) and continuous variables as median (interquartile range)
SOFA: Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment; SAPS 2: New Simplified Acute Physiology Score; ACRF: acute-on-chronic respiratory failure; Ptr,stim: endotracheal tube pressure induced by bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation during airway occlusion; PCT: procalcitonin; PaO2/FiO2: partial arterial oxygen tension on inspired oxygen fraction ratio
a Data available for 31/51 patients, b data available for 27/41 patients
c Data available for 40/51 patients, d data available for 37/41 patients