Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of benzodiazepine and z-drug use disorder patients
| Total, N = 355 (%) | Men, N = 203 (%) | Women, N = 152 (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (± SD) | 42.92 ± 10.66 | 41.92 ± 10.81 | 44.26 ± 10.34 | 0.040 |
| Median age (IQR) | 42 (36–49) | 40 (34–48) | 43 (37–51) | 0.009 |
| Educational level | ||||
| Elementary school | 12 (3.38) | 8 (3.94) | 4 (2.63) | 0.253 |
| Middle school | 74 (20.85) | 49 (24.14) | 25 (16.45) | |
| High school | 53 (14.93) | 25 (12.32) | 28 (18.42) | |
| University | 34 (9.58) | 18 (8.87) | 16 (10.53) | |
| Not reported | 182 (51.27) | 103 (50.74) | 79 (51.97) | |
| Employment | ||||
| Employed | 56 (15.77) | 24 (11.82) | 32 (21.05) | |
| Unemployed/retired | 78 (21.97) | 42 (20.69) | 36 (23.68) | 0.028 |
| Not reported | 221 (62.25) | 137 (67.49) | 84 (55.26) | |
| Psychiatric comorbidity | ||||
| Yes | 271 (76.34) | 136 (67.00) | 135 (88.82) | < 0.001 |
| No | 84 (23.66) | 67 (33.00) | 17 (11.18) | |
| Psychiatric disorder type | ||||
| Mood | 83 (23.38) | 40 (19.70) | 43 (28.29) | < 0.001 |
| Anxiety | 93 (26.20) | 46 (22.66) | 47 (30.92) | |
| Sleep | 15 (4.23) | 7 (3.45) | 8 (5.26) | |
| Personality | 67 (18.87) | 33 (16.26) | 34 (22.37) | |
| Psychotic | 5 (1.41) | 2 (1.32) | 3 (1.48) | |
| Others | 8 (2.25) | 7 (3.45) | 1 (0.66) | |
| Not reported | 84 (23.66) | 67 (33.00) | 17 (11.18) | |
| Pregnancy | ||||
| Yes | 4 (1.13) | – | 4 (2.63) | 0.020 |
| No | 351 (98.87) | – | 148 (97.37) | |
| Alcohol co-abuse | ||||
| Yes | 120 (33.80) | 77 (37.93) | 43 (28.29) | 0.057 |
| No | 235 (66.20) | 126 (62.07) | 109 (71.71) | |
| Drug co-abuse | ||||
| Yes | 103 (29.01) | 76 (37.44) | 27 (17.76) | < 0.001 |
| No | 252 (70.99) | 127 (62.56) | 125 (82.24) | |
| Drug type | ||||
| Heroin | 44 (12.39) | 19 (9.36) | 25 (16.45) | 0.001 |
| Cocaine | 27 (7.61) | 22 (10.84) | 5 (3.29) | |
| Cannabis | 17 (4.79) | 10 (4.93) | 7 (4.61) | |
| Association | 40 (11.27 | 31 (15.27) | 9 (5.92) | |
| Other co-abuse | ||||
| Yes | 19 (5.35) | 8 (3.94) | 11 (7.24) | 0.172 |
| No | 336 (94.65) | 195 (96.06) | 141 (92.76) | |
| Opioid maintenance therapy | ||||
| Yes | 107 (30.14) | 83 (40.89) | 24 (15.79) | < 0.001 |
| No | 248 (69.86) | 120 (59.11) | 128 (84.21) | |
Opioid maintenance therapy: buprenorphine or methadone
IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation