Table 2.
Baseline values and changes following 12-weeks of dietary intervention.
| WP-LoFi | WP-HiFi | MD-LoFi | MD-HiFi | Two-factor ANOVA, p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein group | Fiber group | Inter-action | |||||
| P1NP, baseline1(μg/L) | 47.2 (32.9, 65.7) | 44.8 (35.1, 57.6) | 36.8 (30.3, 45.9) | 56.5 (40.1, 61.3) | |||
| P1NP, change(μg/L) | -0.43 (11.47) | 0.51 (7.35) | 1.43 (5.99) | -1.93 (10.47) | 0.88 | 0.53 | 0.37 |
| P1NP, change (adj.) (μg/L)2 | -0.24 (2.38) | 0.26 (2.29) | 2.22 (2.36) | -2.26 (2.27) | 0.93 | 0.37 | 0.26 |
| CTX, baseline1(μg/L) | 0.38 (0.23, 0.53) | 0.37 (0.30, 0.49) | 0.34 (0.25, 0,38) | 0.34 (0.29, 0.47) | |||
| CTX, change(μg/L) | -0.02 (0.10) | -0.01 (0.07) | -0.01 (0.08) | 0.02 (0.07) | 0.23 | 0.30 | 0.69 |
| CTX, change (adj.)(μg/L)2 | -0.02 (0.02) | -0.01 (0.02) | -0.01 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.23 | 0.32 | 0.71 |
| PTH, baseline1 (pmol/L) | 4.0 (3.5, 5.5) | 4.2 (3.3, 4.7) | 3.7 (3.4, 4.8) | 3.9 (3.4, 4.9) | |||
| PTH, change(pmol/L) | -0.1 (0.7) | -0.0 (0.8) | 0.2 (0.8) | 0.1 (0.6) | 0.15 | 0.96 | 0.54 |
| PTH, change (adj.)(pmol/L)2 | -0.14 (0.17) | -0.07 (0.16) | 0.43 (0.17) | -0.02 (0.17) | 0.06 | 0.26 | 0.12 |
| HOMA-IR, baseline | 1.92 (0.89) | 1.83 (0.83) | 2.15 (0.81) | 1.50 (0.82) | |||
| HOMA-IR, change | 0.05 (0.76) | -0.12 (0.36) | 0.27 (0.53) | 0.10 (0.37) | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.98 |
| U-calcium, baseline (mmol/d) | 4.12 (1.33) | 3.88 (2.58) | 3.63 (1.50) | 4.36 (2.54) | |||
| U-calcium, change (mmol/d) | 1.12 (1.29)* | 0.34 (1.09) | -0.03 (1.61) | -0.28 (1.83) | 0.03 | 0.23 | 0.50 |
| U-carbamide, baseline (mmol/d) | 382 (103) | 302 (117) | 363 (150) | 320 (132) | |||
| U-carbamide, change (mmol/d) | 208 (33)*a | 212 (30)*a | -36 (31)b | 60 (29)*b | <0.01 | 0.11 | 0.13 |
| T-score, baseline | -0.9 (1.5) | -0.96 (1.0) | -0.6 (1.05) | -1.15 (1.17) | |||
| T-score, change | 0.06 (0.14) | -0.03 (0.12) | 0.10 (0.28)* | 0.05 (0.15) | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.74 |
| BMD, baseline | 1.09 (0.14) | 1.07 (0.10) | 1.10 (0.11) | 1.05 (0.12) | |||
| BMD, change | 0.01 (0.01) | -0.003 (0.01) | 0.005 (0.02) | 0.005 (0.01) | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.23 |
| 25(OH)D, basline (nmol/L) | 64.1 (26.4) | 74.8 (26.7) | 60.8 (25.3) | 75.4 (22.5) | |||
| 25(OH)D, change (nmol/L) | 2.3 (12.6) | 1.1 (13.9) | 11.8 (24.9)* | -3.8 (16.9) | 0.71 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
All values are means (SD) unless otherwise stated. Values within a row with different superscript letters are statistically different (p<0.05). P-values <0.05 are displayed in bold.
1Median (25th and 75th centile).
2Adjusted for change in 25(OH)D. Values given as mean change (SE),
WP, whey protein; MD, Maltodextrin; LoFi, low fiber; HiFi, high fiber; P1NP, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide; CTX, C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide type 1 collagen; PTH, parathyroid hormone; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; BMD, bone mineral density; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D.