TABLE 2.
Associations (OR and 95%CIs) between the alternate Chinese Diet Score (aCHD), the soy-free alternate Chinese Diet Score (soy-free aCHD), and soy foods daily intake and breast cancer, stratified by menopausal status.a
| All |
Premenopausal |
Postmenopausal |
P interactiong | ||||
| Diet | Case/Control | Adjusted ORb (95%CI) | Case/Control | Adjusted ORb (95%CI) | Case/Control | Adjusted ORb (95%CI) | |
| aCHD (score)c | |||||||
| Quartile 1 | 242/252 | 1.00 (reference) | 52/106 | 1.00 (reference) | 190/146 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.022 |
| Quartile 2 | 233/228 | 1.07 (0.83, 1.37) | 63/95 | 1.34 (0.85, 2.13) | 170/133 | 0.97 (0.71, 1.33) | |
| Quartile 3 | 193/211 | 0.95 (0.73, 1.24) | 58/83 | 1.40 (0.87, 2.24) | 135/128 | 0.78 (0.56, 1.09) | |
| Quartile 4 | 150/244 | 0.64 (0.49, 0.84) | 41/102 | 0.80 (0.49, 1.31) | 109/142 | 0.57 (0.41, 0.80) | |
| P-trend | 0.002 | 0.480 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Soy-free aCHD (score)d | |||||||
| Quartile 1 | 349/374 | 1.00 (reference) | 83/157 | 1.00 (reference) | 266/217 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.018 |
| Quartile 2 | 219/224 | 1.05 (0.83, 1.33) | 63/94 | 1.24 (0.81, 1.88) | 156/130 | 0.96 (0.71, 1.29) | |
| Quartile 3 | 142/177 | 0.86 (0.66, 1.12) | 36/70 | 0.97 (0.60, 1.57) | 106/107 | 0.78 (0.56, 1.09) | |
| Quartile 4 | 108/160 | 0.73 (0.54, 0.97) | 32/65 | 0.91 (0.55, 1.51) | 76/95 | 0.64 (0.45, 0.91) | |
| P-trend | 0.023 | 0.686 | 0.016 | ||||
| Soy foods intake (g/d)e,f | |||||||
| Quartile 1 | 246/196 | 1.00 (reference) | 61/78 | 1.00 (reference) | 185/118 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.013 |
| Quartile 2 | 187/218 | 0.68 (0.51, 0.91) | 69/117 | 0.74 (0.46, 1.19) | 137/126 | 0.70 (0.50, 1.00) | |
| Quartile 3 | 169/253 | 0.65 (0.50, 0.86) | 50/92 | 0.67 (0.40, 1.12) | 147/151 | 0.60 (0.43, 0.85) | |
| Quartile 4 | 216/268 | 0.52 (0.39, 0.69) | 34/99 | 0.43 (0.25, 0.73) | 135/154 | 0.55 (0.39, 0.77) | |
| P-trend | < 0.001 | 0.003 | < 0.001 | ||||
aAlternate Chinese Diet Score (aCHD), the soy-free alternate Chinese Diet Score (soy-free aCHD), and soy foods daily intake calculated as quartiles of a linear predictor.
bOR from logistic regression models adjusted for age at diagnosis for cases or enrollment for controls, area, education, tobacco smoking, moderate physical activity, oral contraceptives use, hormone replacement therapy, family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast disease, age at menarche, number of full-term births, age at first full-term delivery, breastfeeding, and body mass index. Additional adjustment of menopausal age for postmenopausal women.
cThe quartile cut points of aCHD (score) were from control group: Quartile 1 (0–3), Quartile 2 (4), Quartile 3 (5), Quartile 4 (6–9).
dThe quartile cut points of soy-free aCHD (score) were from control group: Quartile 1 (0–2), Quartile 2 (3), Quartile 3 (4), Quartile 4 (5–8).
eThe quartile cut points of soy foods intake (g/d) were from the control group: Quartile 1 (0–3.3), Quartile 2 (3.4–28.6), Quartile 3 (28.6–57.1), Quartile 4 (≥ 57.1).
fWhen assessing the independent effect of soy foods, further adjusted for vegetables (g/d), fruit (g/d), nuts (g/d), cereals (g/d), fish (g/d), and monounsaturates (g/d).
gDiet × Menopause.