Table 1.
Clinical investigations of ICI monotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC patients with BMs.
| Data source | Arm (patients with BMs/all patients) | BMs Condition | PD-L1 | Response (ORR) | Survival | Safety (≥3 Grade AEs) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental | Control | CNS | Systemic | PFS | OS | CNS | Systemic | |||
| Prospective (32) | Pembro (42). | N/A | Asymptomatic; Untreated; 4~20 mm | ≥1% | 29.7% | 29.7% | 1.9m | 9.9m | 0% | 14% |
| <1% | 0.0% | NR | NR | NR | ||||||
| Prospective (44) | Pembro. (199/1753) | CT (94/1217) | Asymptomatic | ≥50% | NR | 33.9% vs. 4.6% | 4.1m vs. 4.6m | 19.7m vs. 9.7m | 9.7% vs. 26.7%; | 14.8% vs. 45.6% |
| ≥1% | NR | 26.1% vs. 18.1% | 2.3m vs. 5.2 | 13.4m vs. 10.3m | ||||||
| Retrospective (38) | Pembro. in BMs (126/547) | Pembro. in non-BMs (444/570) | NR | NR | 36.4% | 27.8% vs. 29.7% | 9.2m vs. 7.7m | 18.0m vs. 18.7m | NR | NR |
| Retrospective (40) | Pembro. in BMs (23/87) | Pembro. in non-BMs (64/87) | NR | ≥50% | 70% | NR | 6.5m vs. 7.0m | 21.6m vs. 24.6m | NR | 23% vs. 30% |
| Prospective (46) | Nivo. (45/427) | CT (42/427) | Asymptomatic; Treated | NR | NR | NR | NR | 7.6m vs. 6.2m | NR | NR |
| RWS (47) | Nivo. in BMs (1800/10452) | Nivo. in non-BMs (8652/10452) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 9.9m vs. 12.1m | NR | NR |
| RWS (48) | Nivo. (477/2585) | N/A | Treated | NR | NR | NR | NR | 9.7m | 0% | NR |
| RWS (49–51) | Nivo. (446/1959) | N/A | Asymptomatic; Nonsquamous | NR | NR | 17% | 3.0m | 8.6m | NR | 7% |
| Asymptomatic; Squamous; | NR | NR | 19% | 4.9m | 5.8m | NR | 8% | |||
| Retrospective (41) | Nivo. in BMs (32/73) | Nivo. in non-BMs (41/73) | NR | NR | 28.1% | 25.0% vs. 19.5% | 2.8 m vs. 4.9m | 14.8m vs. 20.29m | NR | NR |
| Prospective (45) | Atezo. (13/137) | N/A | Asymptomatic; Treated | All | NR | 23% | 2.5m | 6.8m | NR | 15% |
| ≥50% | NR | 25% | 2.3 m | 7.0m | NR | NR | ||||
| Prospective (52) | Atezo. (61/425) | CT (62/425) | Asymptomatic; Treated | NR | NR | NR | NR | 16.0m vs. 11.9m, HR=0.74 | 5.0% vs. 1.8% | 23.3% vs. 50.9% |
| Prospective (53) | Cemip. (34/283) | CT (34/280) | Asymptomatic; Treated | ≥50% | NR | NR | HR=0.45 | HR=0.17 | NR | NR |
| Retrospective (54) | ICI (840/1680) | Non-ICI (840/1680) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 12.8m vs. 10.1m, HR=0.80 | NR | NR |
| RWS (43) | ICI (41) | N/A | NR | NR | 36.6% | 24.4% | 6.2m | 13.7m | NR | NR |
NSCLC, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; BMs, Brain Metastases; AEs, Adverse Events; N/A, Not Applicable; NR, Not Reported; nr, Not Reach; HR, Hazard Ratio; RWS, Real-word Study; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; CT, chemotherapy; Pembro., Pembrolizumab; Nivo., Nivolumab; Atezo., Atezolizumab; Cemip., Cemiplimab; OS, Overall Survival; PFS, Progression-free Survival; ORR, Objective Response Rate; CNS, central nervous system.