TABLE 2.

Hazard ratios and 95% CIs for REM sleep associated with incident HF.

REM sleep traits	Persons (n)	Event, n (%)	Univariable model		Age and gender adjusted		Multivariable adjusted
Percentage REM sleep	4490	436 (9.7)	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Q4 (>24.0%)	1098	148 (13.5)	0.44 (0.33–0.58)	<0.001	0.57 (0.43–0.76)	<0.001	0.65 (0.48–0.88)	0.005
Q3 (20.2–24.0%)	1145	126 (11.0)	0.55 (0.43–0.72)	<0.001	0.67 (0.51–0.86)	0.002	0.78 (0.59–1.04)	0.087
Q2 (15.8–20.1%)	1134	91 (8.0)	0.78 (0.61–0.98)	0.036	0.87 (0.69–1.10)	0.253	1.07 (0.84–1.38)	0.577
Q1 (<15.8%)	1113	71 (6.4)	1 (Ref)		1 (Ref)		1 (Ref)
Continuous (per 5%)			0.80 (0.75–0.85)	<0.001	0.85 (0.80–0.91)	<0.001	0.88 (0.82–0.94)	<0.001
Total REM sleep time	4490	436 (9.7)	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Q4 (>91.5 min)	1105	149 (13.5)	0.37 (0.28–0.50)	<0.001	0.56 (0.42–0.76)	<0.001	0.64 (0.45–0.90)	0.010
Q3 (73.6–91.5 min)	1110	130 (11.7)	0.59 (0.46–0.76)	<0.001	0.71 (0.54–0.91)	0.008	0.79 (0.59–1.06)	0.107
Q2 (54.0–73.5 min)	1162	95 (8.2)	0.78 (0.62–0.99)	0.041	0.85 (0.67–1.08)	0.179	0.94 (0.73–1.21)	0.611
Q1 (<54.0 min)	1113	62 (5.6)	1 (Ref)		1 (Ref)		1 (Ref)
Continuous (per 5 min)			0.94 (0.92–0.95)	<0.001	0.96 (0.94–0.97)	<0.001	0.97 (0.95–0.99)	<0.001

95% CI, 95% confidence interval; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; REM, rapid eye movement sleep. Percentage REM sleep quartiles (Q1: <15.8%; Q2: 15.8–20.1%; Q3: 20.2–24.0%; Q4: >24.0%). Total REM sleep time quartiles (Q1: <54.0 min; Q2: 54.0–73.5 min; Q3: 73.6–91.5 min; Q4: >91.5 min). The comparison was made in the participants with and without HF. Ref is referred to the first quantile of percentage REM sleep or total REM sleep time. Multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted by age, sex, race, education, marital status, smoking status, BMI, alcohol use, caffeine use, benzodiazepine use, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, sleep duration, T90, and AHI (natural log-transformed).