TABLE 3.

Hazard ratios and 95% CIs for REM sleep associated with MI, stroke, and CVD death.

			REM sleep quartiles
REM traits	CVD events	Event, n (%)	Q1 (low)	Q2	Q3	Q4 (high)	Overall trend (per 5 unit)
Percentage REM sleep (%)	MI	282 (6.3)	1 (Ref)	1.03 (0.72–1.46)	0.98 (0.68–1.41)	0.98 (0.67–1.41)	1.01 (0.92–1.11)
	Stroke	201 (4.5)	1 (Ref)	0.86 (0.58–1.29)	0.72 (0.47–1.11)	0.90 (0.60–1.36)	0.95 (0.85–1.05)
	CVD death	238 (5.3)	1 (Ref)	0.75 (0.52–1.08)	0.72 (0.49–1.07)	0.74 (0.50–1.09)	0.90 (0.81–0.99) *
Total REM sleep time (min)	MI	282 (6.3)	1 (Ref)	0.93 (0.65–1.33)	1.05 (0.72–1.52)	1.09 (0.71–1.65)	1.00 (0.98–1.03)
	Stroke	201 (4.5)	1 (Ref)	0.75 (0.50–1.12)	0.78 (0.51–1.21)	0.75 (0.46–1.22)	0.98 (0.96–1.01)
	CVD death	238 (5.3)	1 (Ref)	0.78 (0.54–1.12)	0.74 (0.50–1.10)	0.71 (0.45–1.11)	0.97 (0.94–0.99)#

95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; REM, rapid eye movement sleep. Percentage REM sleep quartiles (Q1: <15.8%; Q2: 15.8–20.1%; Q3: 20.2–24.0%; Q4: >24.0%). Total REM sleep time quartiles (Q1: <54.0 min; Q2: 54.0–73.5 min; Q3: 73.6–91.5 min; Q4: >91.5 min). The comparison was made in the participants with and without individual CVD events (MI, stroke, and CVD death), respectively. Ref is referred to the first quantile of percentage REM sleep or total REM sleep time. Multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted by age, sex, race, education, marital status, smoking status, BMI, alcohol use, caffeine use, benzodiazepine use, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, sleep duration, T90, and AHI (natural log-transformed).

*P < 0.05; ^#P < 0.01.