Table 3.

Monoclonal antibody infusion process physical environment and resource metrics from the 3 National Disaster Medical System-supported infusion sites and related strengths and challenges

Physical environment & resource metrics	Site 1	Site 2	Site 3	Implementation considerations
				Strengths	Challenges
Physical environment type	Temporary tents with heating, venting, and air condition (HVAC), electricity, generator, and outdoor mobile restroom	Offsite indoor infusion site	Temporary tent with HVAC, electricity, generator, and outdoor mobile restroom and handwashing station	Temporary tents can lend themselves to easier infection control measures. Temporary tents may allow for closer proximity to emergency services. Indoor infusion sites can be more climate resilient and may have pre-existing resources such as electricity and furniture.	Temporary tents are difficult to implement in inclement weather and are less sustainable for the site long-term. Temporary tent may need services such as electricity, security, wireless internet, generator, and bathroom. Temporary tent rent can be an additional cost if not provided by other entity. Indoor site must have separate entrance, exit, bathroom, and HVAC system from other medical services treating SARS-CoV-2-negative patients. Adjacent, outdoor location to ED removed a significant amount of parking required by increased patient demand at medical lefts.
Monoclonal antibody type(s) infused	Bamlanivimab and REGN-COV2	Bamlanivimab	Bamlanivimab	Easier to allocate and share common resources, such as infusion towers, when in a tent layout. Bamlanivimab recently EUA approved reduced infusion times to as little as 16 minutes. Refrigeration capacity at infusion site can allow for unused preparations to be stored for 24-36 hours for future use, depending on specific therapy. Phone capabilities allow for communication with the medical left, emergency services, and other stakeholders. Integrating the infusion site technology with the electronic health record system and electronic communications supported more effective processes.	Tent sites require technological and furniture resources and may require resource storage during off hours. REGN-COV2 can take approximately 10-15 minutes longer to prepare due to vials and packaging. Products are both preservative-free and require immediate use after preparation unless refrigerated. Medical lefts needed to ensure open supply chains for required medical resources. Infusion sites must be incorporated into biohazard waste medical left plans.
Medical resources	Intravenous (IV) supplies	IV supplies	IV supplies
	Infusion towers/dials	Infusion towers	Infusion towers/dials
	Infusion chairs	Infusion chairs	Infusion chairs
	Hospital beds	PPE	PPE
	Personal protective equipment (PPE)	Disinfectant	Disinfectant
	Disinfectant	Crash cart	Blanket warmers
	Crash cart	Emergency oxygen	Crash cart
	Emergency oxygen	Sharps container	Emergency oxygen
	Sharps container	Biohazard waste disposal	Mini refrigerator (therapy storage)
	Biohazard waste disposal		Sharps container
			Biohazard waste disposal
Technologic resources	Vitals monitors	Vitals monitors	Vitals monitors
	Computer to interface with electronic health record	Computer to interface with electronic health record	Computer to interface with electronic health record
	Fax machine	Infusion site specific phone line	Fax machine to interface with pharmacy
	Lights		Infusion site specific phone line
	Power cords		Lights
	Electricity generator		Power cords
	HVAC system		Electricity generator
			HVAC system
			Security cameras and system