Fig. 1.

Daphnia dentifera in Little Appleton Lake experienced a large epidemic of Pasteuria ramosa; host density decreased substantially during the epidemic. (a) Prevalence of P. ramosa increased steadily from the beginning of sampling, peaked at 39% of hosts infected, and decreased more sharply during October. (b) D. dentifera density was high at the beginning of August and decreased during September and the first part of October. Host and parasite samples were collected at three time points throughout the epidemic trajectory in the Fall of 2017; these three timepoints are indicated with colors that match the timepoints in Figs. 3 and 4