Fig. 1. Flow cytometry analyses of Vero cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Vero cells were infected with T. gondii tachyzoites (MOI=3:1) at 12 or 24 h post-infection. (a) Cells were determined as live (FITC ^- /PI ^- ), early apoptotic (FITC⁺/PI ^- ), late apoptotic (FITC⁺/PI⁺), and necrotic (FITC ^- /PI⁺) depending on staining. (b) Comparison of cells between different groups. Data are expressed as mean±standard deviation (SD) of three independent tests. ns: not significant; ^* P<0.05; ^*** P<0.001. MOI: multiplicity of infection; FITC: fluorescence isothiocyanate; PI: propidium iodide.