FIGURE 2.

Effects of Kampo formulas on virus particle inactivation. A solution of the Kampo formula (20 mg/ml, 90 µl) and 10 µl of the virus solution at 2.0 × 10⁹ TCID₅₀/ml was incubated for 3 min at room temperature. The mixture was then serially diluted 10-fold in DMEM, and the infectivity was determined by the TCID₅₀ method. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used as an untreated control, and ethanol [70% (w/w)] was used as an inactivation control. The dotted line indicates the detection limit (DL) of the infectivity assay.