Table 2.
Relationships between clinical characteristics and diagnosis of refeeding syndrome (RS) in patients at risk of developing RS (n = 98).
| Absence of RS (n = 60) | Diagnosis of RS (n = 38) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n, %) | 35 (58.3) | 22 (57.9) | 1.02 (0.45–2.31) | 0.97 |
| Age in years (mean ± SD) | 68.2 ± 12.7 | 69.9 ± 14.0 | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.51 |
| ER admission (n, %) | 52 (88.1) | 33 (89.2) | 1.11 (0.30–4.08) | 0.87 |
| CCI score (mean ± SD) | 3.4 ± 2.6 | 3.2 ± 2.7 | 0.93 (0.76–1.09) | 0.41 |
| Baseline body weight in kg, (mean ± SD) | 67.3 ± 15.9 | 68.8 ± 14.4 | 1.00 (0.98–1.04) | 0.61 |
| Body height in cm, (mean ± SD) | 168.4 ± 9.1 | 167.4 ± 9.6 | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 0.57 |
| BMI in kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 23.6 ± 4.4 | 24.6 ± 5.1 | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 0.27 |
| NRS-2002 > 3 (n, %) | 39 (65.0) | 22 (57.9) | 0.74 (0.32–1.71) | 0.48 |
| MUST ≥ 2 (n, %) | 48 (80.0) | 30 (78.9) | 0.93 (0.34–2.55) | 0.90 |
| High RS Risk (n, %) | 32 (54.2) | 21 (55.3) | 1.04 (0.45–2.36) | 0.92 |
| Nutrition team support (n, %) | 14 (25.0) | 9 (25.0) | 1.01 (0.38–2.62) | 0.98 |
| Nutritional supplementation within 48 h (n, %) | 41 (70.7) | 32 (84.2) | 2.21 (0.78–6.25) | 0.13 |
| Oral nutritional supplementation (n, %) | 35 (58.3) | 27 (71.1) | 1.75 (0.73–4.18) | 0.20 |
| Parenteral nutrition (n, %) | 8 (13.3) | 4 (10.5) | 0.76 (0.21–2.73) | 0.68 |
| Na T0, in mmol/L (mean ± SD) | 139.2 ± 4.8 | 139.4 ± 4.1 | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 0.81 |
| K T0, in mmol/L (mean ± SD) | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 0.83 (0.37–1.86) | 0.66 |
| Ca T0, in mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 8.9 ± 0.7 | 9.1 ± 0.7 | 1.47 (0.81–2.69) | 0.206 |
| Albumin T0, in g/L (mean ± SD) | 29.5 ± 6.7 | 28.1 ± 5.9 | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 0.28 |
| P T0, in mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 1.16 (0.61–2.199 | 0.64 |
| Mg T0, in mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 3.42 (0.91–12.81) | 0.07 |
| Na 48 h, in mmol/L (mean ± SD) | 138.4 ± 4.7 | 139.0 ± 4.3 | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) | 0.58 |
| K 48 h, in mmol/L (mean ± SD) | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 0.21 (0.07–0.61) | 0.004 |
| P 48 h, in mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 0.24 (0.10–0.60) | 0.002 |
| Mg 48 h, in mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 0.97 (0.21–4.45) | 0.97 |
| Na 5 days, in mmol/L (mean ± SD) | 131.5 ± 3.6 | 138.7 ± 4.1 | 1.05 (0.91–1.22) | 0.49 |
| K 5 days, in mmol/L (mean ± SD) | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 0.69 (0.17–2.769 | 0.60 |
| P 5 days, in mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 0.04 (0.01–0.32) | 0.002 |
| Mg 5 days, in mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 2.10 (0.26–16.629 | 0.48 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson’s Comorbidity Index; CI, confidence interval; MUST, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool; NRS, nutritional risk score; Na, sodium; K, potassium; P, phosphorus; Mg, magnesium; OR, odds ratio; RS, refeeding syndrome; SD, standard deviation. p-values in bold are statistically significant (p < 0.05).