Table 5.
Anticancer effects and demonstrated mechanisms of α-Bisabolol in the experimental models.
| Anticancer Effects | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compound | Dose/Route/Duration | Model | Major Mechanisms | Reference |
| α-Bisabolol | 0 to 32 μmol/L for 24 h | EC cell lines including RL95-2, ECC001 and ECC003 cells | (-) EC cells growth ↑ caspase-3, ↑ PARP ↓ XIAP, COX-2 ↑ radiotherapy effect |
[59] |
| α-Bisabolol | 35, 45 or 55 μM for C6 glioma cells and 55, 65 or 75 μM for U138-MG | U138-MG human and C6 rat glioma cell lines | ↓ cell viability ↑ ecto5′-NT/CD73 |
[61] |
| α-Bisabolol | 100 and 250 μM | Human and rat glioma cell lines | ↓ cell viability ↑ Cytochrome-C |
[62] |
| α-Bisabolol | 1 mM | Human prostate cancer cell line PC-3, human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela, human esophageal ECA-109, and human liver carcinoma cell line HepG2 | ↑ caspases 3, 8 and 9 ↑ cytochrome-C ↑ Bax, Bid, ↓ Bak and Bcl-2, p53, ↑ NF-κB and Fas |
[64] |
| α-Bisabolol | 0 t0 100 μM for 24 h (IC50 = 15 µM) |
NSCLC cell line A549 | (-) migration of A549 cells, (-) PI3K/AKT, ↑ apoptotic cells ↑ Bax, ↓ Bcl-2, triggers G2/M cell cycle arrest |
[66] |
| α-Bisabolol | 0–250 μM 1000 mg/kg, (21–27 mg/mouse) once a week for 3 weeks |
KLM1, Panc1, MIA Paca2 and KP4 human pancreatic cancer cell lines, BALB ⁄ c nude mice xenograft model inoculated with KLM1 and KP4 cells (1 × 107 s.c.) in femoral area |
↓ cells viability, ↑ apoptosis, (-) AKT, ↑ EGR1, ↓ tumor volume and weight |
[69] |
| α-Bisabolol | 1.56 μM | KLM1, KP4 and Panc1 human pancreatic cancer cell lines | (-) motility of cells ↑ KISS1R, MTSS1 and TIMP2 |
[70] |
| α-Bisabolol | 0, 3, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250 μM | CML-T1primary human acute leukemia cell line | ↓ cells viability, induced apoptosis |
[72] |
| α-Bisabolol | 300 µL intra-mammary injection (3.6 mg and 10 mg per mouse) | HER2/neu transgenic mice | ↓ tumor mass ↓ HER2/neu, Fgf and Birc5 ↑ natural killer cytotoxicity |
[73] |
| α-Bisabolol and its derivative | 62.5 μM and 125 μM, 1000 mg/kg |
KLM1 and Panc1 human pancreatic cancer cell lines, BALB/c nude mice implanted with KLM1; cells (1 × 107 cells/100 μL, s.c.) into femoral area | ↑ cell death ↓ volume of tumor ↓ CEA and CA19-9, ↓ disseminated tumorous nodules ⇥ AKT |
[74] |
| α-Bisabolol β-D-fucopyranoside | IC50 > 100 μM | human lung carcinoma (A549), colon adeno-carcinoma (DLD-1), breast adeno-carcinoma (MCF-7), melanoma (SK-MEL-2), ovary teratocarcinoma (PA-1), prostate adeno-carcinoma (PC-3), pancreas adeno-carcinoma (PANC 05.04), glioma (U-251), glioblastoma (U-87) and murine glioma (GL-261) | ↑ α-Bisabolol cytotoxicity ↑ BBB penetration ↑ α-Bisabolol lipophilicity |
[75] |
| α-Bisabolol-based thiosemicarbazones compounds | 0.25 to 250 mg/mL | Melanoma UACC-62, breast MCF-7, breast resistant NCI-ADR, lung NCI-460, leukemia K-562, ovarian OVCAR, prostate PCO-3, and colon HT29 cell lines | (-) cell growth | [76] |
Symbols indications: ↑; increase, ↓; decrease, (-); reduce, ⇥; activity inhibition.