Table 6.

The anti-nociceptive actions of α-Bisabolol.

Antinociceptive Effects
Compound	Dose/Route/ Duration	Model	Major Mechanisms	Reference
α-Bisabolol	200 mg/kg p.o	IONX-induced acute orofacial neuropathic pain in rats	↓ mechanical hypersensitivity ↑ pain threshold	[78]
α-Bisabolol	50 mg/kg, p.o	FCA (25 μL, i.p.) and PLSN induced pain in mice	↓ mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia ↓ gliosis, ↑ IL-10, ↓ TNF-α	[79]
α-Bisabolol	25 or 50 mg/kg, p.o 1 h before the local injection of inducing agents	Formalin (20 μL of 2% s.c.), capsaicin (20 μL of 2.5 µg, s.c.) or glutamate (40 μL of 25 mM, s.c.) induced orofacial nociception Carrageenan (100 µL of 1%w/v intrapleural) induced pleurisy in mice	↓ orofacial pain ↓ TNF-α	[4]
α-Bisabolol	30, 56, 100, and 180 mg/kg p.o. of α-Bisabolol alone α-Bisabolol -diclofenac (5.1, 10.3, 20.6, and 41.2 mg/kg)	Formalin (50 µL of 1%, s.c.) induced nociception Carrageenan (100 µL of a 1%, s.c.)-induced inflammation in rats	↓ nociception ↓ paw volume ↓ hemorrhagic erosion	[86]
α-Bisabolol	25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o	Carrageenan (20 μL 1%w/v, intraplantar injection), dextran (20 μL of 0.15%, w/v), histamine (200 μg/paw) or serotonin (200 μg/paw) induced inflammation, formalin (20 μL of 1%) induced nociception, acetic acid (0.1 mL/10 g of 0.6% solution)-induced abdominal writhing in rats	↓ paw licking ↓ edema volume ↓ abdominal writhing ↓ leukocytes migration ↓ MPO release ↓ TNF-α	[83]
α-Bisabolol	100, 200, or 400 mg/kg p.o., or 50, 100, or 200 mg/mL topical 60 min before injection	Formalin (20 μL of 1.5% s.c.), cinnamaldehyde (13.2 μg/lip) induced nociception in rodents	↓ face rubbing ↓ head flinching	[80]
α-Bisabolol	50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o	Cyclophosphamide (400 mg/kg, i.p.), mustard oil (50 μL/animal intracolonic) induced visceral nociception in mice	↓ visceral pain	[84]
α-Bisabolol	50–200 mg/mL ointment	Hypertonic saline (20 μL of 5 M NaCl)-induced corneal nociception in mice	↓ eye wiping	[85]
α-Bisabolol nanocapsules	100 or 200 mg/mL	Hypertonic saline (20 μL of 5M NaCl)-induced corneal nociception in mice	↓ eye wiping	[87]
α-Bisabolol	50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o	Acetic acid (0.6%, i.p.), Capsaicin (50 μL/animal, intracolonic), Formalin (10%, 10 μL/animal, intracolonic), (0.75%, 50 μL/animal, intracolonic) induced visceral nociception in mice	↓ abdominal constrictions ↓ pain-related behavior	[81]
α-Bisabolol	0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mM	Supramaximal stimulation consisted of 50–100 μs isolated rectangular voltage pulses applied on mice sciatic nerves	↓ nerve excitability	[82]
α-Bisabolol	1–0.5% mouthwash	postoperative complications of maxillofacial surgeries, a randomized, controlled, triple-blind clinical trial	↓ pain during brushing ↓ lesion wiping	[88]

Symbols indications: ↑; increase, ↓; decrease.