Table 1.
Prevalence of diabetes in representative populations with FH.
| Author, Year | Country | N | Sample Characteristics | Diagnostic Criteria of FH | Diabetes (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrières, 1995 [64] | Canada | 263 | French Canadian HeFH patients | Genetic test (LDLR mutation) | Men with CHD 1.9% Women and men without CHD 0% |
| Vuorio, 1997 [69] | Finland | 179 | 55 HeFH with CHD and 124 HeFH without CHD | Genetic test (LDLR mutation) | 9 and 0%, respectively |
| Neil, 1998 [63] | UK | 1185 | HeFH | Simon Broome Criteria | 1.2% men 0.5% women |
| Fuentes, 2015 [70] | Spain | 3823 | 2558 HeFH vs. 1265 unaffected relatives | Genetic test (LDLR mutation) | 2.3% |
| Saavedra, 2015 [71] | Canada | 188 | HeFH | Genetic test (PCSK9-InsLEU or LDLR mutations) |
4 and 2%, respectively |
| Besseling, 2015 [26] | Netherlands | 63,320 | 25,137 HeFH vs. 38,183 unaffected relatives | Genetic test (APOB, PCSK9
or LDLR mutations) |
1.75% |
| Skoumas, 2017 [72] | Greece | 280 | 90 HeFH vs. 112 familial combined hyperlipidemia vs. 78 controls |
Clinical criteria or genetic test | 2% |
| Climent, 2017 [65] | Spain | 1732 | HeFH | Definite or probable DLCN criteria | 5.9% |
| Sun, 2018 [68] | China | 289 | HeFH | Definite or probable DLCN criteria | 20.1% |
| Sánchez-Hernández, 2021 [66] | Spain | 68 | p.[Tyr400 Phe402del] LDLR carriers | Genetic test (LDLR mutation) | 25% |
| Mehta, 2021 [73] | Mexico | 336 | 332 HeFH and 4HoFH | Definite, probable, or possible DLCN criteria |
11.3% |
DM: diabetes mellitus, BMI: body max index, CHD: coronary heart disease, HeFH: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, HoFH: Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, DLCN: Dutch Lipid Clinical Network.