Table 1.
General characteristics of elderly participants.
| Men (n = 73) | Women (n = 63) | Total (n = 136) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 76.5 ± 4.1 | 75.1 ± 4.0 | 75.9 ± 4.1 |
| Weight (kg) | 65.4 ± 7.1 | 54.1 ± 6.1 *** | 60.2 ± 8.7 |
| Height (cm) | 166.5 ± 4.8 | 152.2 ± 5.0 *** | 159.9 ± 8.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.6 ± 2.2 | 23.4 ± 2.2 | 23.5 ± 2.2 |
| FFM (kg) | 49.9 ± 4.3 | 36.9 ± 3.6 *** | 43.9 ± 7.6 |
| FM (kg) | 15.5 ± 5.1 | 17.3 ± 3.9 * | 16.3 ± 4.7 |
| FFMI (kg/m2) | 18.0 ± 1.1 | 15.9 ± 1.1 *** | 17.0 ± 1.5 |
| FMI (kg/m2) | 5.6 ± 1.8 | 7.4 ± 1.6 *** | 6.5 ± 2.0 |
| %BF | 23.3 ± 6.2 | 31.6 ± 4.8 *** | 27.2 ± 6.9 |
| Zmeasured (Ω) | 458 ± 41.5 | 537 ± 47.9 *** | 495 ± 59.3 |
| Rmeasured (Ω) | 456 ± 41.5 | 535 ± 47.9 *** | 492 ± 59.4 |
| Xcmeasured (Ω) | 47.7 ± 5.3 | 48.4 ± 5.4 | 48.0 ± 5.4 |
| PhAmeasured (°) | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 5.2 ± 0.6 *** | 5.6 ± 0.7 |
Values are mean ± SD; %BF, percentage of body fat; BMI, body mass index; FFM, fat-free mass; FFMI, fat-free mass index; FM, fat mass; FMI, fat mass index; PhA, phase angle; R, resistance; Xc, reactance; Z, impedance; Z, R, Xc, and PhA are the whole-body electrical impedance parameters from 4-point electrode bioelectrical impedance analysis, and whole body as assessed by right-arm-to-right-foot 4-electrode BIA; FM and FFM were assessed by DXA; * = significantly different from females at p < 0.05; *** = significantly different from females at p < 0.001.