Table 1.

Characteristics of the studies included.

Study	Country	Age	Subjects	Outcome Variable	Diagnostic Criteria	Score
Bahadoran Z, 2013 [16]	Iran	19–70	2567	Abdominal obesity	WC ≥ 95 cm	7
Im J, 2020 [17]	Korea	≥19	57,940	Obesity, abdominal obesity	BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, WC ≥ 90 and ≥85 cm for men and women	7
Kim M, 2020 [18]	Korea	≥19	31,319	Abdominal obesity	WC ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women	6
Eslami O, 2020 [5]	Iran	7–10	356	Overweight and obesity	overweight: BMI percentile ≥ 85 and <95, obese: ≥95	6
Dehghani Firouzabadi F, 2021 [19]	Iran	18–65	844	Central obesity	WC ≥ 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women	7
Vasmehjani AA, 2021 [27]	Iran	20–70	2326	Abdominal obesity	WC ≥ 102 cm for men and >88 cm for women	6
Azizi-Soleiman F, 2021 [28]	China	6–18	4296	Obesity or overweight, abdominal obesity	BMI > 85th percentile, WHtR ≥ 0.5	7
Delshad Aghdam S, 2021 [29]	Iran	18–35	261	Overweight or obesity, abdominal obesity	BMI > 24.9 kg/m2, WC ≥ 80 cm in women and ≥94 cm in men	6
Asgari E, 2021 [20]	Iran	18–59	844	Central obesity, general obesity	BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, central obesity: WHtR ≥ 0.5; WHR ≥ 0.8 for women and ≥1 for men; WC ≥ 102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women	7

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; WHtR: waist-to-height ratio. Score was rated using an 11-item checklist that was recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.