Table 1.
Basic biochemical and anthropometric characteristics before intervention (0 weeks).
| Group A Control |
Group B Wine |
Group C Ethanol |
p † | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.1 ± 11.1 | 61.2 ± 11.6 | 61.7 ± 12.9 | 0.853 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.3 (27.5–36.8) | 28.8 (26.4–30.7) | 29.1 (25.0–32.4) | 0.412 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131.9 ± 17.0 | 136.0 ± 18.9 | 141.1 ± 10.4 | 0.260 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.2 ± 8.6 | 75.4 ± 14.0 | 78.6 ± 9.4 | 0.260 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 107.0 (94.3–122.0) | 108.5 (97.0–151.3) | 109.5 (97.3–122.8) | 0.728 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 112.0 (77.8–170.0) | 109.5 (93.5–159.5) | 105.5 (86.5–156.3) | 0.983 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 158.5 ± 37.3 | 170.0 ± 31.7 | 166.1 ± 33.7 | 0.538 |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 43.5 ± 9.8 | 48.1 ± 14.8 | 45.1 ± 11.5 | 0.454 |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 89.8 (61.5–106.8) | 89.7 (74.4–109.8) | 84.1 (77.1–106.8) | 0.778 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.3 (4.9–7.6) | 5.9 (5.3–6.2) | 6.1 (5.4–7.5) | 0.450 |
| Insulin (μΙU/mL) | 11.0 (7.3–18.6) | 9.7 (7.0–13.9) | 8.2 (6.5–11.4) | 0.458 |
| HOMA IR | 2.7 (1.9–4.9) | 2.7 (2.4–3.7) | 2.2 (1.9–3.3) | 0.543 |
| SGOT-AST (IU/L) | 19.0 (17.8–23.3) | 19.5 (16.8–22.0) | 19.5 (16.3–24.8) | 0.960 |
| SGPT-ALT (IU/L) | 19.5 (14.0–29.8) | 19.0 (11.8–26.3) | 20.0 (13.5–23.5) | 0.628 |
| γGT (IU/L) | 23.0 (16.0–34.3) | 23.0 (16.8–33.0) | 21.5 (18.3–40.8) | 0.719 |
Data are presented as means ± SD for normally distributed variables or as median (25th–75th quartiles) for skewed variables. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for the comparisons, respectively. BMI; body mass index, HDL; high-density lipoprotein, LDL; low-density lipoprotein, HOMA IR; homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, γ-GT; gamma glutamyltransferase, SGOT/AST; serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase, SGPT/ALT; serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase/alanine aminotransferase. † p value from ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis..