Table 1.

Effect of dandelion preparations on the cardiovascular system and its diseases (in vivo and in vitro studies).

Dandelion Preparation	Dose	Subject	Effect	Reference
In vivo studies
Flowers
Water syrup	27.82% for 4 weeks	Obese rats	Antioxidant effect	[42]
Leaves
1% extract	250 g/day for 1 month	Rabbits	Antioxidant effect and hypolipidemic properties	[36]
95% ethanol extract	400 mg/kg	Mice	Anti-obesity effect	[39]
Ethanolic extract	150 and 300 mg/kg for 10 weeks	Rats	Anti-obesity effect	[40]
60% ethanolic extract	300 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day for 8 weeks	Obese mouse	Anti-obesity effect	[41]
Phenolic fraction	694 mg/kg of diet for 4 weeks	Wistar rats	Antioxidant effect	[37]
70% ethanol-water (v/v) extract	500 mg/kg/day for 21 days	Hypertensive rats	Antioxidant effect	[38]
Petals
Phenolic fraction	694 mg/kg of diet for 4 weeks	Wistar rats	Antioxidant effect	[37]
Roots
1% extract	250 g/day for 1 month	Rabbits	Antioxidant effect and hypolipidemic properties	[36]
In vitro studies
Fruits
Flavonoid preparations: extracts and fractions	10 and 50 µg/mL	Human plasma and blood platelets	Antioxidant and antiplatelet effects	[45]
Leaves
Phenolic fraction	1–50 µg/mL	Human plasma and blood platelets	Antioxidant and anticoagulant effects	[46,47]
Petals
Phenolic fraction	1–50 µg/mL	Human plasma and blood platelets	Antioxidant and anticoagulant effects	[46,47,48]
Roots
Preparations	0.5–50 µg/mL	Human plasma and blood platelets	Antioxidant, antiplatelet, and anticoagulant effects	[47,48,49]