Table 2.
Serum elements and oxidative stress in glaucoma.
| References | Examined Factor | Observation | Risk of Glaucoma Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| [7] | Low BAP | Defects in the visual field | ↑ |
| [60] | High homocysteine level | PEX material deposition | ↑ |
| [63] | Low TAS | PEX material deposition | ↑ |
| [65] | Low TAS | Angle closure glaucoma | ↑ |
| [24] | High serum ferritin level | Increased iron resources | ↑ |
| [21] | Low serum uric acid level | Defects in the visual field | ↑ |
| [66] | Low serum uric acid level | Angle closure glaucoma | ↑ |
| [67] | Serum vitamins A, E, C level | No observation | No impact |
| [69] | Serum vitamin D 25 (OH) level | No observation | No impact |
| [64] | Higher serum level of molybdenum, manganese, mercury | PEX material deposition | ↑ |
| [75] | Higher level of MDA | Higher oxidant level | ↑ |
| [36] | Lower level of retinol | Normal tension glaucoma | ↑ |
| [68] | Polymorphism in vitamin C and E | Lower level of vitamin C | ↑ |
| [70] | Lower vitamin D 25 (OH) level | Glaucomatous changes | ↑ |
| [71] | Polymorphism in vitamin D3 | Lower level of vitamin D | ↑ |
| [72] | NTG and POAG occurrence | Higher level of vitamin B6 | ↑ |
BAP, biological antioxidant potential; TAS, total antioxidant status; PEX, pseudoexfoliation syndrome; (OH), hydroxy; MDA, malondialdehyde; ↑ increased risk of glaucoma.