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. 2022 Mar 25;14(7):1371. doi: 10.3390/nu14071371

Table 4.

Association between emotional eating and dietary patterns in participants with and without abdominal obesity.

Dietary Patterns Abdominal Obesity (n = 494) Non-Abdominal Obesity (n = 269)
Non-EE
(n = 153)
Low EE
(n = 159)
Emotional or Very EE
(n = 182)
Dietary Patterns Non-EE
(n = 114)
Low EE
(n = 95)
Emotional or Very EE
(n = 60)
Snacks and fast food DP Traditional Westernized DP
Crude 1 1.27 (0.81, 1.99) 1.98 (1.28, 3.07) * Crude 1 1.02 (0.59, 1.76) 1.00 (0.53, 1.87)
Model I 1 1.25 (0.79, 1.97) 1.83 (1.17, 2.88) * Model I 1 0.87 (0.49, 1.58) 1.02 (0.52, 1.98)
Model II 1 1.37 (0.85, 2.22) 1.88 (1.17, 3.03) * Model II 1 0.71 (0.36, 1.38) 0.76 (0.35, 1.65)
Model III 1 1.40 (0.86, 2.26) 1.95 (1.19, 3.18) * Model III 1 0.77 (0.39, 1.51) 0.86 (0.39, 1.9)
Traditional Westernized DP Animal products, cereals and vegetables DP
Crude 1 0.81 (0.52, 1.27) 0.87 (0.56, 1.34) Crude 1 1.73 (1.00, 3.01) * 1.68 (0.89, 3.15)
Model I 1 0.88 (0.55, 1.39) 1.08 (0.69, 1.71) Model I 1 1.79 (1.02, 3.15) * 1.89 (0.98, 3.65)
Model II 1 0.95 (0.56, 1.61) 1.00 (0.59, 1.68) Model II 1 1.79 (0.98, 3.28) 1.77 (0.88, 3.58)
Model III 0.92 (0.54, 1.56) 0.92 (0.54, 1.57) Model III 1 1.74 (0.94, 3.21) 1.70 (0.83, 3.46)
Healthy DP Healthy DP
Crude 1 0.73 (0.46, 1.14) 0.50 (0.32, 0.78) * Crude 1 0.94 (0.55, 1.63) 0.90 (0.48, 1.69)
Model I 1 0.74 (0.47, 1.17) 0.56 (0.35, 0.89) * Model I 1 0.97 (0.56, 1.68) 0.91 (0.47, 1.73)
Model II 1 0.75 (0.46, 1.23) 0.53 (0.33, 0.88) * Model II 1 0.92 (0.52, 1.63) 0.83 (0.42, 1.60)
Model III 1 0.76 (0.46, 1.24) 0.54 (0.33, 0.90) * Model III 1 0.95 (0.53, 1.69) 0.86 (0.44, 1.69)
Animal products and cereals DP Snacks DP
Crude 1 0.95 (0.61, 1.48) 1.08 (0.70, 1.66) Crude 1 1.32 (0.76, 2.27) 1.61 (0.86, 3.03)
Model I 1 0.92 (0.59, 1.44) 0.96 (0.62, 1.51) Model I 1 1.34 (0.77, 2.33) 1.59 (0.83, 3.05)
Model II 1 0.95 (0.60, 1.51) 0.96 (0.61, 1.52) Model II 1 1.28 (0.71, 2.31) 1.47 (0.74, 2.92)
Model III 1 0.92 (0.58, 1.46) 0.89 (0.56, 1.420) Model III 1 1.33 (0.73, 2.41) 1.54 (0.77, 3.10)

DP: Dietary pattern; EE: Emotional Eater. Data were presented in Odds ratio (95% confidence interval). Adjusted Model I: adjusted for age and sex. Adjusted Model II: adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, and physical activity. Adjusted Model III: adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, physical activity, and body mass index. * The Odds ratio is significantly different from the reference (non-emotional eaters) p < 0.05.