Table 2.
Recent methodologies to monitor biodegradation in soil.
| Biopolymer * | Soil Conditions | Methodology | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chitosan/Corn cob | Laboratory-controlled conditions | ASTM D5988 | [39] |
| PHBV/Olive Pomace | Laboratory-controlled conditions | ASTM D5988 | [40] |
| Cellulose based | Laboratory-controlled conditions | ASTM D5988 | [51] |
| PBAT/Nanocellulose | Laboratory-controlled conditions | ASTM D5988 | [52] |
| Polyurethane (PU)/Starch | Laboratory-controlled conditions | ASTM D5988, morphology and chemical characterization, visual analysis | [48] |
| Starch/Nanocellulose | Laboratory-controlled conditions | ISO 17556 | [53] |
| Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/Glycerol | Laboratory-controlled conditions | ISO 17556 | [54] |
| Mater-Bi (Mixture of PBAT, starch, and additives) | Laboratory-controlled conditions | ISO 17556, ecotoxicological analysis | [55] |
| PHA, PBS, and PBAT/PLA | Laboratory-controlled conditions | ISO 17556, microrganismo characterization | [41] |
| PHB mixed with natural fillers | Laboratory-controlled conditions | Mass Loss | [47] |
| Starch/Nanocellulose | Outdoor soil conditions | Mass Loss | [42] |
| Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/Starch | Outdoor soil conditions | Mass Loss | [45] |
| PVA/Starch | Laboratory-controlled conditions | Mass loss, biofilm area, soil characterization, and visual analysis | [37] |
| PCL, PHB, PLA, and PBS | Laboratory-controlled conditions and outdoor soil conditions | Mass loss, mechanical properties, and microorganism characterization | [49] |
| Starch based | Laboratory-controlled conditions | Mass loss, morphology analysis, and mechanical properties | [56] |
| PBS/Sugarcane Fiber | Laboratory-controlled conditions | Mass loss, morphology analysis, and thermal characterization | [57] |
| PHA | Outdoor soil conditions | Mass loss and morphology and chemical analysis | [50] |
| PLA and PLA/Starch | Outdoor soil conditions | Mass loss, morphology and chemical analysis, and thermal characterization | [18] |
| PVA/Starch and PVA/Starch mixed with different natural fillers | Laboratory-controlled conditions | Mass loss, morphology and chemical analysis, and soil characterization | [58] |
* Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), Poly(1,4-butylene succinate) (PBS), Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), Polycaprolactone (PCL), Poly(1,4 butylene) succinate (PBS), and Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA).