Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the selected participants.
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 718 | 719 | 744 | 729 | |
| PSA ng/ml | 1.56 ± 2.60 | 1.74 ± 3.11 | 1.40 ± 1.86 | 1.30 ± 1.62 | 0.0023 |
| Sociodemographic variables | |||||
| Age, mean ± SD (years) | 56.16 ± 11.94 | 55.84 ± 11.31 | 56.46 ± 11.36 | 54.48 ± 10.70 | 0.0041 |
| Poverty to income ratio, mean ± SD (years) | 3.31 ± 1.57 | 3.40 ± 1.55 | 3.32 ± 1.56 | 3.30 ± 1.61 | 0.6691 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Mexican American | 3.91 | 5.39 | 6.57 | 8.30 | |
| Other Hispanic | 2.47 | 2.69 | 3.72 | 4.16 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 76.52 | 75.82 | 78.13 | 75.67 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 13.07 | 10.12 | 5.56 | 5.38 | |
| Other race/ethnicity | 4.02 | 5.98 | 6.02 | 6.50 | |
| Education (%) | 0.0335 | ||||
| Less than high school | 19.27 | 16.60 | 21.00 | 20.20 | |
| High school | 22.65 | 23.99 | 22.76 | 27.83 | |
| More than high school | 58.08 | 59.41 | 56.24 | 51.97 | |
| Marital status (%) | 0.2121 | ||||
| Married | 71.14 | 75.20 | 69.96 | 73.24 | |
| Single | 24.19 | 19.50 | 25.35 | 21.98 | |
| Living with a partner | 4.67 | 5.30 | 4.69 | 4.77 | |
| Variables of laboratory data | |||||
| VITD, mean ± SD (ng/mL) | 68.95 ± 21.51 | 60.86 ± 19.91 | 64.92 ± 19.99 | 60.63 ± 19.22 | <0.0001 |
| LDL-C, mean ± SD (mg/dL) | 112.74 ± 32.98 | 121.48 ± 31.45 | 123.05 ± 36.68 | 119.55 ± 36.91 | <0.0001 |
| HDL-C, mean ± SD (mg/dL) | 58.95 ± 15.70 | 51.76 ± 13.34 | 45.75 ± 9.90 | 40.82 ± 9.75 | <0.0001 |
| Glycohemoglobin (%) | 5.59 ± 0.80 | 5.68 ± 0.87 | 5.70 ± 0.89 | 5.90 ± 1.27 | <0.0001 |
| C-reactive protein, mean ± SD (mg/dL) | 0.37 ± 0.97 | 0.38 ± 1.07 | 0.47 ± 1.36 | 0.35 ± 0.40 | 0.0743 |
| Medical examination and personal life history | |||||
| Physical activity (MET-based rank) (%) | |||||
| Sits | 0.0013 | ||||
| Walks | 21.14 | 18.46 | 25.42 | 19.91 | |
| Light loads | 41.71 | 50.94 | 50.31 | 51.50 | |
| Heavy work | 22.80 | 24.21 | 15.82 | 20.17 | |
| Body mass index, mean ± SD (Kg/m2) | 14.35 | 6.40 | 8.45 | 8.41 | |
| Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life | 27.38 ± 5.39 | 28.46 ± 6.47 | 29.58 ± 5.59 | 30.60 ± 5.17 | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 0.0253 | ||||
| No | 54.13 | 58.29 | 59.17 | 61.96 | |
| Dietary interview-individual foods | 45.87 | 41.71 | 40.83 | 38.04 | |
| Alcohol, mean ± SD (gm) | |||||
| Comorbidities (%) | 19.45 ± 36.73 | 14.22 ± 34.31 | 13.77 ± 29.79 | 15.30 ± 34.20 | 0.0079 |
| Hypertension history | |||||
| Yes | 0.0245 | ||||
| No | 35.25 | 36.41 | 46.94 | 46.49 | |
| Coronary heart disease | 64.75 | 63.59 | 53.06 | 53.51 | |
| Yes | 0.1771 | ||||
| No | 8.08 | 6.56 | 9.71 | 7.97 | |
| Diabetes history | 91.92 | 93.44 | 90.29 | 92.03 | |
| Yes | 0.0629 | ||||
| No | 9.35 | 11.41 | 13.16 | 13.39 | |
| Borderline | 88.81 | 86.27 | 84.55 | 83.16 | |
| Stroke | 1.84 | 2.31 | 2.29 | 3.45 | |
| Yes | 0.4934 | ||||
| No | 2.86 | 3.49 | 4.22 | 4.12 | |
| 97.14 | 96.51 | 95.78 | 95.88 |
Q1–Q4: Grouped by quartile according to the serum triglycerides. Our data included PSA concentrations, sociodemographic data, laboratory data, medical examination–personal life history, dietary, and comorbidities data for the second analysis.