Table 3.
Linear regression of social support, food coping strategies, and mental health by race and food security status for food-insecure mothers in Virginia (n = 1029).
| Race | Food Security 5 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (n = 673) |
Black (n = 242) |
Other (n = 121) |
Effect Size 1 | Low (n = 232) |
Very Low (n = 797) |
Sig. 4 | Effect Size 2 | |
| Total Social Support (SS) 5 | 19.8 ± 4.6 | 20.5 ± 4.5 | 19.8 ± 4.7 | <0.01 | 21.8 ± 4.5 | 19.4 ± 4.5 | ** | 0.5 (medium) |
| Interaction SS 5 | 7.5 ± 2.0 | 7.9 ± 2.0 | 7.4 ± 1.9 | <0.01 | 8.06 ± 2.0 | 7.5 ± 2.0 | ** | 0.3 (small) |
| Satisfaction SS 5 | 12.3 ± 3.4 | 12.5 ± 3.4 | 12.3 ± 3.4 | <0.01 | 13.8 ± 3.3 | 11.9 ± 3.3 | ** | 0.6 (medium) |
| Tradeoffs—Coping 5 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | <0.01 | 1.39 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 1.0 | ** | −0.9 (large) |
| Financial—Coping 5 | 2.9 ± 1.6 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | 2.7 ± 1.7 | <0.01 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 3.3 ± 1.4 | ** | −1.5 (large) |
| Rationing—Coping 5 | 2.4 ± 1.7 | 2.4 ± 1.7 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | <0.01 | 0.9 ± 1.3 | 2.9 ± 1.6 | ** | −1.3 (large) |
| Income 5 | 25,530 ± 15,799 | 20,769 ± 15,994 | 27,081 ± 16,000 | 0.02 (small) | 25,081 ± 17,757 | 24,466 ± 15,460 | 0.04 | |
| People in Household 5 | 4.2 ± 1.8 | 4.0 ± 1.6 | 4.4 ± 1.6 | 0.005 | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 0.2 | |
| Global Mental Health 3,5 | 43.4 ± 9.9 a | 46.5 ± 10.5 b | 45.1 ± 9.5 ab | 0.02 (small) | 48.9 ± 10.1 | 43.0 ± 9.7 | ** | 0.6 (medium) |
| Anxiety 3,5 | 61.9 ± 9.3 a | 59.3 ± 10.4 b | 61.3 ± 8.1 ab | 0.01 (small) | 55.5 ± 10.0 | 62.9 ± 8.6 | ** | −0.8 (large) |
| Depression 3,5 | 61.1 ± 10.3 a | 58.3 ± 11.0 b | 59.4 ± 8.8 ab | 0.01 (small) | 54.0 ± 10.5 | 62.1 ± 9.6 | ** | −0.8 (large) |
1 Effect size assessed with a partial eta squared. Effect size greater than 0.01 was considered small. 2 Effect size assessed with Cohen’s d. A small effect was defined as greater than 0.3, medium greater than 0.5, and large greater than 0.8. 3 The values with different superscript letters (a and b) in a row are significantly different at the adjusted p-value when analyzed with pairwise t-test. Values with ab are not significantly different from a or b. 4,** Correlations with p-values < 0.001. 5 Tools used to assess measures: Food Security—United States Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Module; Social Support—Modified Duke Social Support Inventory; Food Coping Strategies—Hunger Coping Scales; Overall Mental Health—Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Mental 2a Scale v1.2; Anxiety—PROMIS Emotional Distress v1.0—Anxiety—Short Form 4a; Depression—PROMIS Emotional Distress v1.0—Depression—Short Form 4a.