Table 5.
Regression Modeling of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning-Supportive School Policies and Practices Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Students
| Policies and practices | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gay/straight alliances |
Safe spaces | Prohibit harassment |
Professional development |
HIV/STD testing and counseling |
Social/psych services |
LGBTQ- inclusive curricula |
Sum of all variables |
|
| Outcomes | aOR (95% CI) | |||||||
| Violence victimization | ||||||||
| Felt unsafe at, to, or from school | 0.79 (0.67–0.93) | 0.84 (0.65–1.10) | a | 0.86 (0.70–1.05) | 0.99 (0.83–1.19) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 1.04 (0.89–1.22) | 0.97 (0.93–1.00) |
| Threatened or injured with a weapon at school | 0.71 (0.59–0.86) | 0.87 (0.64–1.18) | a | 0.88 (0.69–1.11) | 0.80 (0.65–0.97) | 0.75 (0.62–0.91) | 0.86 (0.73–1.03) | 0.94 (0.90–0.98) |
| Forced sex | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 1.14 (0.86–1.50) | a | 1.07 (0.87–1.31) | 1.14 (0.95–1.36) | 1.22 (1.03–1.45) | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) |
| Sexual dating violence | 0.99 (0.80–1.21) | 1.12 (0.79–1.58) | a | 1.07 (0.83–1.38) | 1.01 (0.81–1.25) | 1.13 (0.91–1.40) | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) | 0.99 (0.94–1.03) |
| Physical dating violence | 0.79 (0.66–0.94) | 1.06 (0.79–1.44) | a | 1.04 (0.83–1.32) | 0.94 (0.77–1.14) | 0.90 (0.75–1.08) | 0.98 (0.83–1.17) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) |
| Bullying at school | 0.90 (0.77–1.04) | 0.96 (0.76–1.23) | a | 0.84 (0.70–1.00) | 0.95 (0.81–1.10) | 0.96 (0.83–1.11) | 0.92 (0.81–1.06) | 0.97 (0.94–1.00) |
| Electronic bullying | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | 1.21 (0.93–1.57) | a | 0.96 (0.80–1.16) | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 1.13 (0.96–1.32) | 1.03 (0.89–1.18) | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) |
| Mental health | ||||||||
| Persistent feelings of sadness/hopelessness | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) | 1.01 (0.83–1.24) | a | 1.02 (0.88–1.19) | 0.92 (0.80–1.05) | 1.05 (0.92–1.19) | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) |
| Suicide-related behaviors | ||||||||
| Seriously considered suicide | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) | 1.08 (0.88–1.33) | a | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | 1.12 (0.98–1.29) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 0.96 (0.85–1.08) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) |
| Made a suicide plan | 1.09 (0.94–1.27) | 1.36 (1.04–1.77) | a | 1.09 (0.91–1.31) | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | 1.02 (0.80–1.19) | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) |
| Attempted suicide | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) | 0.89 (0.71–1.13) | a | 0.73 (0.61–0.87) | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) | 0.91 (0.79–1.06) | 0.92 (0.80–1.05) | 0.95 (0.92–0.98) |
| Suicide attempt requiring medical treatment | 0.72 (0.56–0.93) | a | a | 0.64 (0.48–0.86) | 0.75 (0.57–0.99) | 0.82 (0.63–1.06) | 0.85 (0.67–1.08) | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) |
| High-risk substance use | ||||||||
| Lifetime illicit drug use | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) | 0.95 (0.70–1.29) | a | 1.05 (0.83–1.33) | 0.99 (0.82–1.21) | 0.91 (0.76–1.09) | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) |
| Lifetime prescription pain medicine misuse | 1.13 (0.88–1.45) | a | a | 1.40 (1.06–1.84) | 1.06 (0.84–1.36) | 1.36 (1.08–1.73) | 0.95 (0.75–1.19) | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) |
| Lifetime injection drug use | 1.10 (0.73–1.40) | a | a | a | 1.00 (0.73–1.39) | 0.81 (0.60–1.09) | 1.01 (0.76–1.33) | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) |
Results in bold are significant at p < 0.05 with Holm-Bonferroni correction.
a
Results were excluded due to case numbers below the required minimum of at least 10 for each independent variable in the model.30
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.