Table 2.
Hormonal biosynthesis, transport, and signaling genes involved in cold-responsive pathway in both CBF-dependent and -independent manner. FT and CA indicate freezing tolerance and cold acclimation, respectively, as the type of treatments.
| Gene | Hormone | CBF Pathway | Reference | Type of Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| YUCCA2 | Auxin | Independent | [82] | 4 °C |
| YUCCA3 | Auxin | Independent | [82] | 4 °C |
| YUCCA6 | Auxin | Independent | [82] | 4 °C |
| YUCCA7 | Auxin | Independent | [82] | 4 °C |
| IAA14 | Auxin | Independent | [83] | 4 °C |
| PIN2 | Auxin | Independent | [29] | 4 °C |
| PIN3 | Auxin | Independent | [29] | 4 °C |
| ETO1 | Ethylene | Dependent | [84] | FT and CA |
| ERF4 | Ethylene | Dependent | [85] | FT and CA |
| ERF5 | Ethylene | Dependent | [85] | FT and CA |
| AHP2 | Cytokinin | Independent | [36] | 1 °C and FT |
| AHP3 | Cytokinin | Independent | [36] | 1 °C and FT |
| AHP5 | Cytokinin | Independent | [36] | 1 °C and FT |
| AHK2 | Cytokinin | Independent | [35] | 1 °C, FT, and CA |
| AHK3 | Cytokinin | Independent | [35] | 1 °C, FT, and CA |
| AHK4 | Cytokinin | Independent | [35] | 1 °C, FT, and CA |
| ARR1 | Cytokinin | Independent | [36] | 1 °C and FT |
| ARR5 | Cytokinin | Independent | [36] | 1 °C and FT |
| ARR7 | Cytokinin | Independent | [36] | 1 °C and FT |
| ARR15 | Cytokinin | Independent | [36] | 1 °C and FT |
| CRF2 | Cytokinin | Independent | [86] | 1 °C |
| CRF3 | Cytokinin | Independent | [86] | 1 °C |
| ABA1 | Abscisic acid | Dependent | [87] | 0 °C |
| ABA2 | Abscisic acid | Dependent | [87] | 0 °C |
| ABA4 | Abscisic acid | Dependent | [87] | 0 °C |
| AAO3 | Abscisic acid | Dependent | [87] | 0 °C |
| NCED2 | Abscisic acid | Dependent | [87] | 0 °C |
| NCED3 | Abscisic acid | Dependent | [87] | 0 °C |
| NCED5 | Abscisic acid | Dependent | [87] | 0 °C |
| NCED6 | Abscisic acid | Dependent | [87] | 0 °C |
| NCED9 | Abscisic acid | Dependent | [87] | 0 °C |
| MYB96 | Abscisic acid | Dependent | [88] | 0 °C, FT, and CA |
| HOS15 | Abscisic acid | Dependent | [89] | FT |
| BIN2 | Brassinosteroid | Dependent | [90] | CA |
| BZR1 | Brassinosteroid | Dependent | [90] | CA |
| GA1 | Gibberellic acid | Dependent | [91] | CA |
| GA2ox | Gibberellic acid | Dependent | [91] | CA |
| DELLA | Gibberellic acid | Dependent | [91] | CA |
| GAI | Gibberellic acid | Dependent | [91] | CA |
| RGA | Gibberellic acid | Dependent | [91] | CA |
| RGL3 | Gibberellic acid | Dependent | [91] | CA |
| DAD1 | Jasmonic acid | Dependent | [82] | 4 °C |
| AOC | Jasmonic acid | Dependent | [82] | 4 °C |
| AOS | Jasmonic acid | Dependent | [82] | 4 °C |
| OPR | Jasmonic acid | Dependent | [82] | 4 °C |
| LOX | Jasmonic acid | Dependent | [82] | 4 °C |
| JAR1 | Jasmonic acid | Dependent | [92] | FT and CA |
| COI1 | Jasmonic acid | Dependent | [92] | FT and CA |
| JAZ1 | Jasmonic acid | Dependent | [92] | FT and CA |
| JAZ4 | Jasmonic acid | Dependent | [92] | FT and CA |
| ICS1 | Salicylic acid | Dependent | [93] | 4 °C |
| PAL1 | Salicylic acid | Dependent | [94] | 8 °C |
| CPR1 | Salicylic acid | Dependent | [95] | 5 °C |
| SIZ1 | Salicylic acid | Dependent | [96] | FT and CA |