Table 2.

Comparison of Language Recovery in Patients with Subacute (NORTHSTAR) and Chronic (NORTHSTAR-CA) Post-Stroke Aphasia in the rTMS and Sham Stimulation Groups.

Change Relative to Baseline	Subacute Phase Post-stroke (NORTHSTAR)		Chronic Phase Post-stroke (NORTHSTAR-CA)		Sham Chronic/Subacute Comparison		rTMS Chronic/Subacute Comparison		Stimulation x Phase (P values of Robust Median ANOVAs)
	Sham N = 19	rTMS N = 20	Post-hoc P value	Sham N = 14	rTMS N = 14	P value	P value	P value	Stimulation Main Effect	Phase Main Effect	Interaction Effect
Naming (BNT total correct Z-score)
day 1	.73 (.94)	.90 (1.19)	−	.21 (1.08)	.56 (1.69)	.706	.839	.727	.406	.170	.455
day 30	1.02 (1.71)	1.91 (.77)	rTMS>Sham (P = .046)*	.61 (1.00)	.15 (1.68)	.706	.839	.015*	.571	.004*	<.001*
Verbal fluency (SF1min Z-score)
day 1	.00 (.20)	.00 (.46)	−	.17 (1.95)	.26 (.71)	1.000	.839	.103	.845	.320	.634
day 30	.73 (1.14)	.48 (.75)	−	.17 (.49)	.36 (.71)	.706	.107	.727	.857	.060	.144
Comprehension (TT Z-score)
day 1	1.12 (1.87)	.87 (1.99)	−	.35 (1.75)	.82 (2.10)	.706	.02*	.727	.836	.423	.430
day 30	2.07 (2.57)	1.54 (2.22)	−	.93 (2.22)	.47 (2.16)	.706	.364	.145	.351	.036*	.735
UnAS (percent change)
day 1	9.00 (19.9)	6.85 (17.7)	−	13.64 (46.60)	9.39 (25.48)	.706	.616	.727	.788	.762	.886
day 30	15.40 (63.5)	26.25 (28.3)	−	6.51 (56.44)	12.53 (37.41)	.257	.107	.296	.487	.352	.368

Post-treatment changes relative to baseline immediately after treatment (day 1), and at follow-up (day 30).

Medians (and interquartile ranges) are displayed for each subgroup as well as P values of median tests.

Significance level =.05.

BNT: Boston Naming Test; SF1min: semantic fluency test (animals in 1 minute); TT: 36-item Token Test; UnAS: unified aphasia score.

*Identifies P values <.05.