Table 3.
Chi-square test of the risk factors associated with increased STH in children
| Variable | Total, n(n = 1426) | STH infection present | COR | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) (n = 324) | |||||
| Age (years) | 0.8–1.5 | 0.386 | |||
| < 5 | 331 | 81 (24.5) | 1.1 | ||
| ≥ 5 | 1095 | 243 (22.2) | 1 | ||
| Gender | 0.8–1.4 | 0.501 | |||
| Male | 881 | 195 (22.1) | 1 | ||
| Female | 545 | 129 (23.7) | 1.1 | ||
| Family monthly income (in Afghanis) | 1.0–2.5 | 0.056 | |||
| < 2,500 (< 30 USD) | 1285 | 301 (23.4) | 1.6 | ||
| ≥ 2,500 (≥ 30 USD) | 141 | 23 (16.3) | 1 | ||
| Family size | 1.2–2.1 | 0.001 | |||
| < 5 people | 330 | 98 (29.7) | 1.6 | ||
| ≥ 5 people | 1096 | 226 (20.6) | 1 | ||
| Mother’s education | 0.2–1.3 | 0.135 | |||
| Educated | 39 | 5 (12.8) | 1 | ||
| Uneducated | 1387 | 319 (23.0) | 0.5 | ||
| Father’s (guardian of family) occupation | 0.9–1.7 | 0.206 | |||
| Farmer | 1161 | 256 (22.0) | 1 | ||
| Non-farmer | 265 | 68 (25.7) | 1.2 | ||
| House construction | 2.0–8.5 | < 0.001 | |||
| Mud | 1314 | 316 (24.0) | 4.1 | ||
| Concrete | 112 | 8 (7.1) | 1 | ||
| Source of drinking water | 0.5–0.8 | < 0.001 | |||
| Safe | 526 | 91 (17.3) | 1 | ||
| Unsafe | 900 | 233 (25.9) | 0.6 | ||
| Use of toilet | 1.2–2.2 | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 409 | 69 (16.9) | 1 | ||
| Open defecation | 1017 | 255 (25.1) | 1.6 | ||
| Washing hands after defecating/before eating | 2.4–4.6 | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 474 | 51 (10.8) | 1 | ||
| No | 952 | 273 (28.7) | 3.3 | ||
| Walking barefoot | 1.9–3.5 | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 962 | 264 (27.4) | 2.5 | ||
| No | 464 | 60 (12.9) | 1 | ||
| Finger nails status | 1.4–2.7 | < 0.001 | |||
| Trimmed | 288 | 42 (14.6) | 1 | ||
| Untrimmed | 1138 | 282 (24.8) | 1.9 | ||
| Habit of nail biting | 1.1–2.1 | 0.012 | |||
| Yes | 215 | 63 (29.3) | 1.5 | ||
| No | 1211 | 261 (21.6) | 1 | ||
| Consumption of raw vegetables | 1.0–2.4 | 0.035 | |||
| Yes | 1250 | 295 (23.6) | 1.6 | ||
| No | 176 | 29 (16.5) | 1 | ||
| Habit of eating soil | 0.6–2.1 | 0.826 | |||
| Yes | 50 | 12 (24.0) | 1.1 | ||
| No | 1376 | 312 (22.7) | 1 | ||
| Domestic animals present at home | 0.4–0.8 | 0.002 | |||
| Yes | 1196 | 290 (24.2) | 0.5 | ||
| No | 230 | 34 (14.8) | 1 |
CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odds ratio; STH, Soil-transmitted helminth; USD, United States Dollar