Table 4.
Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of adolescents according to urinary mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) level
| Parameters | MBzP groups | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| < Detectable level (N = 65) | ≥ Detectable level (N = 21) | ||
| Age (years) | 13.2 ± 0.7 | 13.5 ± 0.9 | 0.097 |
| Female/male, % / % | 53.8/46.2 | 38.1/61.9 | 0.209 |
| Height-SDS | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.368 |
| BMI-SDS | 0.8 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 0.266 |
| Obesity, % | 20.0 | 28.6 | 0.545 |
| Parental hypertension, % | 13.8 | 42.9 | 0.011 |
| Carotid IMT-SDS | 0.51 ± 0.50 | 0.48 ± 0.51 | 0.805 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 14.0 ± 0.9 | 14.5 ± 1.2 | 0.070 |
| White blood cell (×103/mm3) | 7.7 ± 2.4 | 7.7 ± 1.6 | 0.947 |
| Platelets (×103/mm3) | 277 ± 63 | 289 ± 54 | 0.448 |
| Serum protein (g/dl) | 7.6 ± 0.4 | 7.7 ± 0.4 | 0.366 |
| Serum albumin (g/dl) | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 0.046 |
| Serum globulin (g/dl) | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 0.373 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) | 11.1 ± 2.8 | 11.4 ± 2.8 | 0.721 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.124 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 0.208 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 139.0 ± 1.5 | 138.5 ± 1.5 | 0.164 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 0.607 |
| Chloride (mEq/L) | 104.4 ± 1.9 | 103.7 ± 2.3 | 0.186 |
| Calcium (mg/dl) | 9.8 ± 0.4 | 9.9 ± 0.4 | 0.543 |
| ACCa (mg/dl) | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 0.453 |
| Phosphate (mg/dl) | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | 0.049 |
| ACCa-phosphate product (mg2/dl2) | 41.8 ± 5.9 | 38.6 ± 6.0 | 0.037 |
| ACCa-phosphate ratio (mg/mg) | 2.10 (1.91–2.35) | 2.15 (1.96–2.56) | 0.118 |
| Magnesium (mg/dl) | 2.04 ± 0.14 (N = 51) | 2.05 ± 0.15 (N = 16) | 0.731 |
| Urinary creatinine (mg/dl) | 154.8 ± 65.2 | 161.5 ± 81.6 | 0.705 |
| UPCR (mg/mg) | 0.08 (0.07–0.11) | 0.09 (0.07–0.12) | 0.633 |
| UACR (mg/g) | 6.7 (4.3–15.3) | 7.5 (3.9–20.4) | 0.608 |
| UBCR (μg/g) | 47.6 (22.9–71.8) | 63.9 (24.5–106.9) | 0.181 |
Data are presented as % or mean ± standard deviation or median (Q1-Q3) as appropriate
ACCa albumin-corrected calcium, BMI body mass index, IMT intima media thickness, SDS standard deviation score, UACR urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, UBCR urinary beta-2 microglobulin to creatinine ratio, UPCR urinary protein to creatinine ratio