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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2021 Nov 24;19(2):114–131. doi: 10.1038/s41571-021-00579-w

Fig. 2 ∣. Targeting the pro-survival pathways induced by radiotherapy in cancer.

Fig. 2 ∣

At least in part owing to intratumoural heterogeneity, radiotherapy alone is often unable to kill all malignant cells and thus does not mediate complete tumour eradication. In this setting, cancer cells generally resist the cytostatic and/or cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy along with the activation of various cytoprotective signalling pathways. Importantly, such cytoprotective pathways establish a state of non-oncogene addition that can be targeted using specific agents in order to achieve superior disease control.