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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 12.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA. 2012 Mar 16;307(12):1273–1283. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.339

Table 2.

Age-Standardized and Weighted Prevalence of Meeting Cardiovascular Health Metrics in Adults—NHANES 1988–1994, 1999–2004, and 2005–2010

Cardiovascular Health Metricc NHANES 1988–1994a
NHANES 1999–2004a
NHANES 2005–2010a
P Value for Trendsb
No. Prevalence, % (95% CI) No. Prevalence, % (95% CI) No. Prevalence, % (95% CI)
Smoking status
 Never 7932 45.3 (43.8–46.8) 6604 50.0 (48.3–51.7) 8232 53.2 (51.5–55.0) <.001
 Former 4041 26.8 (25.8–27.9) 3486 25.0 (23.9–26.1) 3891 24.1 (23.0–25.3) .008
 Current 4241 27.9 (26.4–29.3) 2986 25.0 (23.7–26.4) 3515 22.6 (21.3–24.1) <.001
Physical activityd
 Ideal 5932 41.1 (38.8–43.3) 4679 42.6 (40.2–44.7) 1694 45.2 (42.4–47.8) .17
 Intermediate 6624 43.4 (41.8–45.0) 2436 21.6 (20.4–22.8) 911 22.9 (21.5–24.6) .51
 None 3625 15.6 (14.2–17.1) 5389 35.8 (34.5–37.5) 1565 31.9 (29.1–35.1) .02
BMIe
 <25.0 6413 44.1 (42.5–45.7) 4122 35.3 (33.9–36.6) 4541 32.5 (31.2–33.8) <.001
 25.0–29.9 5653 33.1 (32.0–34.3) 4563 34.6 (33.3–35.9) 5283 33.5 (32.5–34.5) .41
 ≥30.0 4117 22.8 (21.5–24.1) 3986 30.2 (28.7–31.6) 5610 34.1 (32.7–35.4) <.001
Healthy diet scoref
 ≥2 components 4932 33.1 (31.6–34.6) 709 19.2 (17.0–21.6) 637 22.3 (19.5–25.4) <.001
 <2 components 11 283 66.9 (65.4–68.4) 2413 80.8 (78.5–83.0) 2148 77.7 (74.6–80.5) <.001
Total serum cholesterol, mg/dL
 <200 (untreated)g 7281 46.8 (45.2–48.4) 5428 45.5 (44.3–46.6) 6571 46.0 (44.9–47.0) .20
 200–239 or treated to goal 5000 32.8 (31.4–34.2) 4894 37.7 (36.7–38.8) 6229 39.9 (38.9–40.9) <.001
 ≥240 3167 20.5 (19.3–21.7) 2101 16.8 (15.9–17.8) 2115 14.2 (13.3–15.0) <.001
Blood pressure, mm Hg
 <120/80 (untreated)g 6170 42.4 (41.1–43.7) 4322 40.1 (38.4–41.8) 5675 42.8 (41.4–44.3) .09
 120–139/80–89 mm Hg or treated to goal 6015 37.7 (36.7–38.8) 5050 40.3 (39.3–41.4) 6454 41.7 (40.4–42.9) <.001
 ≥140/≥90 mm Hg 4000 19.9 (18.9–20.9) 3204 19.6 (18.4–20.9) 2956 15.5 (14.8–6.2) .04
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dLh
 <100 4352 67.3 (65.1–69.4) 3408 65.3 (63.1–67.4) 3572 59.5 (57.6–61.3) <.001
 100–<126 2038 27.1 (25.2–29.1) 1729 27.8 (25.8–29.9) 2380 33.3 (31.6–35.0) <.001
 ≥126 549 5.7 (4.9–6.5) 498 6.9 (6.1–7.9) 727 7.3 (6.6–8.0) .92
No. of cardiovascular health metricsi
 0 166 0.8 (0.59–1.2) 46 1.5 (1.2–1.9) 54 1.4 (1.0–2.0) .009
 1 1188 6.4 (5.8–7.1) 269 8.0 (6.7–9.4) 280 7.3 (6.6–8.2) .02
 2 2953 16.1 (15.1–17.1) 616 20.1 (18.0–22.5) 595 18.0 (16.1–20.0) .02
 3 3943 24.8 (23.9–25.8) 715 24.3 (22.6–26.1) 771 25.5 (22.9–28.4) .06
 4 3584 23.9 (22.9–25.0) 618 23.7 (22.4–25.0) 642 22.4 (21.5–23.3) .15
 5 2371 17.6 (16.5–18.7) 342 15.1 (13.3–17.0) 419 16.6 (14.6–18.7) .01
 6 934 8.3 (7.5–9.3) 128 6.1 (5.1–7.3) 168 7.5 (6.2–9.1) .14
 7 166 2.0 (1.5–2.5) 31 1.3 (0.87–1.9) 26 1.2 (0.8–1.9) .32
 0–1 1354 7.2 (6.5–8.0) 315 9.4 (8.1–10.9) 334 8.8 (8.0–9.6) .001
 ≥6 1100 10.3 (9.4–11.3) 159 7.4 (6.3–8.6) 194 8.8 (7.3–10.6) .12

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

SI conversion factors: To convert total cholesterol values to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; to convert glucose values to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555.

a

See Table 1, footnote “a.”

b

For trends across the surveys using logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity; all tests 2-tailed.

c

All nonpregnant participants 20 years or older with available cardiovascular health metrics were included in trends analyses for each specific metric; therefore, sample sizes might vary by the cardiovascular health metrics.

d

Ideal: 150 minutes per week or more at moderate intensity or 75 minutes per week or more at vigorous intensity or 150 minutes per week or more at moderate + vigorous intensity. Intermediate: 1 to 149 minutes per week at moderate intensity or 1 to 74 minutes per week at vigorous intensity or 1 to 149 minutes per week at moderate + vigorous intensity. Duration (time) of the physical activity was not ascertained in NHANES III; see “Methods” for details of classification of physical activity. P value for trends compared NHANES 1999–2004 and NHANES 2005–2006.

e

Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.

f

See “Methods” for details of calculation of healthy diet score. Trends may be attributed to change in questionnaires from NHANES III to NHANES 1999–2004 and NHANES 2005–2010.

g

Untreated value.

h

Fasting glucose level was available for the subsample of participants in NHANES III, NHANES 1999–2004, and NHANES 2005–2010.

i

See “Methods” for details of calculation of cardiovascular health metrics scores.