Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay of lactose-inducible orthogonal system. Expression from PtcdB was quantified using a CAT assay. Three plasmids were conjugated into C. autoethanogenum PbgaL_tcdR (C. autoethanogenum C24), with each plasmid harboring catP under the control of either PtcdB, Pthl (positive control), or no promoter (negative control). The strain harboring the PtcdB plasmid was tested with and without the addition of 10 mM lactose, while the remaining plasmids were tested without lactose. The data shown are the result of biological triplicates, with error bars showing the standard deviation.