Table 2.
Summary of Cardiovascular Outcome Trials with Exendin-Based Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
| ELIXA34,60 | EXSCEL33,43 | AMPLITUDE-O7 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drug | Lixisenatide | Exenatide QW | Efpeglenatide |
| Dose | 10 or 20 μg, once daily | 2 mg, once weekly | 4 or 6mg, once weekly |
| Number of participants | 6068 | 14,752 | 4076 |
| Median follow-up period, years | 2.1 | 3.2 | 2.1 |
| Mean age, years | 60.3 | 62.0 | 64.5 |
| Sex (male), % | 69 | 62 | 67 |
| Mean HbA1c at baseline, % | 7.7 | 8.1 | 8.9 |
| Mean BMI at baseline, kg/m2 | 30.1 | 32.7 | 32.7 |
| Established cardiovascular disease, % | 100 | 73 | 90 |
| 3-point MACE | HR 1.02 (0.89–1.17)a | HR 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | HR 0.73 (0.58–0.92) |
| All-cause mortality | HR 0.94 (0.78–1.13) | HR 0.86 (0.77–0.97) | HR 0.78 (0.58–1.06) |
| Cardiovascular death | HR 0.98 (0.78–1.22) | HR 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | HR 0.72 (0.50–1.03) |
| Fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction | HR 1.03 (0.87–1.22) | HR 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | HR 0.75 (0.54–1.05) |
| Fatal or non-fatal stroke | HR 1.12 (0.79–1.58) | HR 0.85 (0.70–1.03) | HR 0.74 (0.47–1.17) |
| Renal outcomeb | HR 0.84 (0.68–1.02) | HR 0.88 (0.76–1.01) | HR 0.68 (0.57–0.79) |
| Worsening of kidney function | HR 1.16 (0.74–1.83) | HR 0.88 (0.74–1.05) | HR 0.35 (0.10–1.27) |
Notes: a4-point MACE (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina) was reported in ELIXA. bRenal outcome comprised composite kidney outcome including new-onset macroalbuminuria.
Abbreviations: 3-point MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke); HR, hazard ratio.