Table 1.

CoV-2 viral RNA in wastewater surveillance.

Country	Sources	No of samples	Method	Kit used for RT-PCR	Target gene	References
India	WWTP1,2,3 aeration pond	<20	qPCR	TaqPathTM Covid-19 RT-PCR Kit	N, S, ORF1 ab	[16]
Australia	Pumping station3, WWTP3	4–5	qPCR	iTaq™ Universal Probes One–Step Reaction Mix	N protein	[17]
France	WWTP4,6	31	qPCR/RNA	–	RdRP, E protein	[19]
Spain	WWTP1,2	72	qPCR	One Step PrimeScript™ RT-PCR Kit	N protein	[21]
USA	WWTP1	10	RT-PCR qPCR Genome sequencing	–	S and N protein	[37]
Italy	River, WWTP4,6	–	qPCR, Genome sequencing, cell culture	2019-nCoV Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel	ORF1 ab, N and E protein	[20]
Netherlands	WWTP1	29	qPCR	EvoScript RNA Probes Master	E and N protein	[23]
Italy	WWTP1	12	RT-PCR, qPCR	Kit Platinum™ SuperFi™ Green PCR Master Mix, Thermo	S protein, ORF1 aba RdRP	[38]
Japan	River, WWTP1	13	Nested PCR qPCR, (IDEXX)	Premix Ex Taq Hot Start Version	ORF1ab, S and E protein, E. colia	[22]
Israel	Raw sewage WWTP	26	qPCR	StepOnePlus™ Real-Time PCR System	–	[39]
Bangladesh	Drain, Canal, Sewer	16	RT-PCR (CFX96, BioRad)	Sansure RT-PCR kit	ORF1ab, N genes, and RNase	[18]

^a1 = influent; 2 = effluent; 3 = sludge; 4 = raw sewage; 5 = Pre-treated; 6 = treated ∗ “-” not available strong evidence.