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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 11.
Published in final edited form as: Med. 2022 Feb 11;3(2):119–136. doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.12.008

Figure 4. Ketogenic diet and classical chemotherapy disrupt redox homeostasis.

Figure 4.

(A) NADH/NAD ratio in KPC allografttumors (mean ± SEM, n = 17 for Ctrl group, n = 12 for Keto group, n = 17 for Ctrl + Chemo group, n = 14 for Keto + Chemo group).

(B) Correlation of intratumor NADH/NAD ratio with tumor growth suppression. Mice were sacrificed on day 8, and NADH/NAD measured and plotted versus tumor growth (or, for values <1, regression) over the preceding 7 days.

(C) Tumor glycolytic metabolite levels. Mean ± SEM, n = 13 for Ctrl group, n = 13 for Keto group, n = 10 for Ctrl + Chemo group, n = 13 for Keto + Chemo group.

(D) Tumor nucleotide levels.

(E) Tumor NADPH, NADP, and their ratios.

(F) Tumor GSH, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and their ratios. Mean ± SEM, n = 13 for Ctrl group, n = 13 for Keto group, n = 10 for Ctrl + Chemo group, n = 13 for Keto + Chemo group.

(G) Tumor protein 4-HNE adduct levels (mean ± SEM, n = 4 for Ctrl + Chemo group, n = 6 for Keto + Chemo group).

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test in (A), (C) to (F); Pearson correlation in (B); two-tailed Student’s t test in (G).