Table 1.

Common age-related cardiac diseases that exhibit sex-specific differences

	Sex differences	Ref.
Heart failure	HFrEF more prevalent in men HFpEF more prevalent in women Women have more comorbidities, more likely to die with HFpEF	[29,30,31]
Ventricular arrhythmias	More prevalent in men	[32,33]
Ischemic heart disease	Higher risk for development of disease in men at younger age Worse outcomes and higher mortality for women following Ml at older age	[29,35–37]
Valvular disease	Aortic regurgitation more prevalent in men Degenerative mitral valve disease more prevalent in elderly women (> 80 years)	[38]

HFrEF: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.