Table 3.

Primary Analyses: Treatment Characteristics and Outcome for Between Group-Effect Sizes (CBT vs. No Treatment Control)

	Coef (95% CI) a	SE	df b	t value	p c
In-session exposure: presence
Independent evaluator	−1.00 (−∞, 0.20)	0.70	20	1.44	0.08
Child	−1.05 (−∞, −0.42)	0.37	28	2.84	<0.01
Parent	−0.84 (−∞, −0.13)	0.41	16	2.07	0.03
In-session exposure: amount
Independent evaluator	−0.15 (−∞, −0.01)	0.08	20	1.80	0.04
Child	−0.14 (−∞, −0.07)	0.04	28	3.23	<0.01
Parent	−0.12 (−∞, −.03)	0.05	15	2.31	0.02
Relaxation
Independent evaluator	0.20 (−1.11, ∞)	0.76	20	0.26	0.40
Child	0.59 (−0.06, ∞)	0.38	28	1.55	0.07
Parent	0.63 (−0.06 ∞)	0.40	16	1.60	0.07
Cognitive strategies (stand-alone)
Independent evaluator	−0.34 (−3.86, 3.18)	1.69	20	0.20	0.84
Child	0.22 (−2.02, 2.46)	1.09	28	0.20	0.84
Parent	0.19 (−1.81, 2.19)	0.94	16	0.20	0.84
Year of publication
Independent evaluator	0.05 (−0.10, 0.19)	0.07	20	0.66	0.52
Child	−0.02 (−0.08, 0.04)	0.03	28	0.63	0.53
Parent	0.00 (−0.07, 0.07)	0.03	16	0.01	0.99
Treatment duration (total hours)
Independent evaluator	−0.04 (−0.17, 0.10)	0.06	19	0.60	0.55
Child	−0.01 (−0.08, 0.07)	0.04	28	0.24	0.82
Parent	−0.00 (−0.08, 0.07)	0.03	14	0.08	0.94
Group d
Independent evaluator	−1.66 (−3.09, −0.23)	0.69	20	2.43	0.03
Child	−0.86 (−1.64, −0.09)	0.38	28	2.27	0.03
Parent	−0.17 (−1.09, 0.74)	0.43	16	0.40	0.69
Parent involvement d
Independent evaluator	0.44 (−1.43, 2.31)	0.90	20	0.49	0.63
Child	0.46 (−0.67, 1.60)	0.55	28	0.84	0.41
Parent	0.42 (−0.63, 1.46)	0.49	16	0.85	0.41

Abbreviations: coef = coefficient; CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error; DF = degrees of freedom.

^aNegative value indicates presence (or greater amount) of component associated with larger effect size.

^bVariation in df reflects outcome measures included in studies and/or missing treatment length/duration.

^cOne tailed for exposure and relaxation, two tailed for others. Values <.05 are in bold.

^dGroup analysis does not include combined format. Parent involvement combines separate and combined.