TABLE 1.
Comparison of the Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019, Suspected Coronavirus Disease 2019, and Noncoronavirus Disease 2019 Groups
| Variables | COVID-19 Status | p (vs Confirmed COVID-19) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confirmed (n = 127) | Suspected (n = 473) | Non-COVID-19 (n = 6,024) | Suspected | Non-COVID-19 | |
| Sex (% men) | 76 (59.8) | 292 (61.7) | 4,092 (67.9) | 0.758 | 0.153 |
| Age | 70 (60–84) | 71 (59–82) | 68 (55–80) | 0.541 | 0.024 |
| Location of OHCA | |||||
| Home | 102 (86.5) | 418 (89.9) | 4,372 (77.9) | 0.059 | 0.006 |
| Public place | 5 (4.2) | 28 (6.0) | 820 (14.7) | ||
| Other location | 11 (9.3) | 19 (4.1) | 417 (7.4) | ||
| Medical history | |||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 54 (42.5) | 214 (45.2) | 2,549 (42.3) | 0.616 | 0.999 |
| Respiratory disease | 26 (20.5) | 107 (22.6) | 738 (12.3) | 0.633 | 0.009 |
| Diabetes | 21 (16.5) | 84 (17.8) | 786 (13.0) | 0.794 | 0.234 |
| Other disease | 39 (30.7) | 146 (30.9) | 1,705 (28.3) | 0.999 | 0.551 |
| No disease | 6 (4.7) | 22 (4.7) | 451 (7.5) | 0.999 | 0.304 |
| Etiology of the OHCA | < 0.001 | ||||
| Medical | 121 (95.3) | 463 (97.9) | 4,918 (81.6) | 0.103 | |
| If medical, % respiratory | 65 (53.7) | 266 (56.5) | 690 (14.0) | 0.472 | < 0.001 |
| Traumatic | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) | 479 (8.0) | ||
| Other | 6 (4.7) | 8 (1.7) | 627 (10.4) | ||
| BLS | |||||
| Witness to the patient’s collapse | 84 (66.1) | 304 (64.3) | 3,656 (60.7) | 0.754 | 0.233 |
| BLS by the witness: | 0.349 | 0.192 | |||
| CC only | 44 (34.6) | 142 (30.0) | 2,233 (37.1) | ||
| CC + ventilation | 17 (13.4) | 85 (18.0) | 906 (13.5) | ||
| No BLS | 66 (52.0) | 246 (52.0) | 2,975 (49.4) | ||
| BLS by the first responder | 104 (81.9) | 401 (84.8) | 5,126 (85.1) | 0.415 | 0.315 |
| Automated external defibrillator used before the MICU’s arrival | 10 (7.9) | 48 (10.1) | 1,031 (17.1) | 0.503 | 0.004 |
| ALS | |||||
| First recorded rhythm | 0.947 | 0.286 | |||
| Asystole | 109 (85.8) | 409 (86.5) | 4,876 (80.9) | ||
| Pulseless electrical activity | 9 (7.1) | 33 (7.0) | 419 (7.0) | ||
| Ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia | 4 (3.1) | 17 (3.6) | 461 (7.7) | ||
| Return of spontaneous circulation due to BLS | 5 (3.9) | 14 (3.0) | 268 (4.4) | ||
| ALS initiated | 73 (57.5) | 305 (64.5) | 4,255 (70.6) | 0.149 | 0.002 |
| Intubation | 73 (57.5) | 284 (60.0) | 3,900 (64.7) | 0.085 | 0.002 |
| Times | |||||
| T0—first responder’s arrival | 10 (5–13) | 10 (5–16) | 10 (6–15) | 0.114 | 0.113 |
| T0—MICU’s arrival | 19 (12–25) | 20 (14–30) | 19 (13–27) | 0.026 | 0.282 |
| No flow | 10 (1–19) | 12 (3–20) | 11 (2–19) | 0.305 | 0.833 |
| Low flow | 27 (15–40) | 12 (3–20) | 28 (15–40) | 0.409 | 0.635 |
ALS = advanced life support, BLS = basic life support, CC = chest compression, MICU = mobile ICU, T0 = time of the call to the emergency services.
Data are quoted as the frequency (percentage) for qualitative variables or the median (first quartile–third quartile) for quantitative variables.