Table 1.
Characteristics of the walkability cohort at baseline.
| Characteristic | N = 83,560 | |
|---|---|---|
| N | % | |
| Sexa | ||
| Female | 36,898 | 44.2 |
| Male | 46,662 | 55.8 |
| Age (years) | ||
| 18 to 39 | 2,134 | 2.6 |
| 40 to 64 | 25,348 | 30.3 |
| ≥65 | 56,078 | 67.1 |
| Race/ethnicitya | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 53,400 | 63.9 |
| Hispanic white | 7,417 | 8.9 |
| Black | 6,783 | 8.1 |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 422 | 0.5 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 8,517 | 10.2 |
| Multiple races | 7,021 | 8.4 |
| Hispanic (any race) | 9,405 | 11.3 |
| Neighborhood education | Mean | SD |
| Percent with less than high school diploma | 13.8 | 12.3 |
| Medicaid insurance | ||
| Yes | 1,399 | 1.7 |
| No | 82,161 | 98.3 |
| Smokinga | ||
| Never | 34,952 | 41.8 |
| Former | 35,614 | 42.6 |
| Current | 12,994 | 15.6 |
| BMIa | ||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 1,709 | 2.1 |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 23,412 | 28.0 |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 30,618 | 36.6 |
| Obese (≥30.0) | 27,821 | 33.3 |
| Comorbidities | ||
| HTN | 68,140 | 81.6 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 67,628 | 80.9 |
| Diabetes | 25,597 | 30.6 |
| Revascularization | ||
| PCI | 17,725 | 21.2 |
| CABG | 11,883 | 14.2 |
| Statin medication use | ||
| Yes | 66,232 | 79.3 |
| No | 17,328 | 20.7 |
| HTN medication use | ||
| Yes | 66,717 | 79.8 |
| No | 16,843 | 20.2 |
| History of CVD | ||
| AMI only | 27,872 | 33.4 |
| Stroke only | 46,972 | 56.2 |
| Both AMI and stroke | 8,716 | 10.4 |
| PM2.5 exposure (μg/m3) | Mean | SD |
| 1-year mean at baseline | 10.43 | 2.13 |
| Walkability | Mean | SD |
| National Walkability Index | 11.05 | 3.92 |
| Greenness | Mean | SD |
| NDVI 1 km | 0.32 | 0.08 |
CABG indicates coronary artery bypass graft; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
aMissing data were imputed for unknown values of sex (N = 2, 0.0024%), race/ethnicity (N = 532, 0.64%), smoking status (N = 2,513, 3.01%), and BMI (N = 1,664, 1.99%).