Figure 4.

Adjusted direct associations between child race and average child FSIQ at ages 5 or 8 years before (dotted line and gray band) and after (point and whisker) controlling for gestational or childhood urinary MEP concentrations: the HOME study (2003–2006). Adjusted for maternal age (continuous), prepregnancy BMI (continuous), income (continuous), log-10 transformed average gestational cotinine concentration (continuous), and maternal FSIQ scores (continuous). Repeated maternal urinary phthalate metabolites assessed at 16 and 26 weeks of gestation. Repeated child urinary phthalate metabolites assessed at ages 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. Note, the average value of urinary phthalate concentrations does not include those collected at age 8 years since the primary outcome, average FSIQ consists of scores from ages 5 and 8 years. The shaded area and dashed line represents the total effect of child race on average child FSIQ score. Note that the total effect for average FSIQ score only corresponds to time points assessed before age 8 years. The total effect for age 8 years is specific to the FSIQ score obtained at age 8 years. The solid horizontal line at 0 indicates no difference in racial disparities in child FSIQ scores. The asterisk indicates a nonsignificant controlled direct effect.