Table 1.
Characteristics of mother-child dyads with follow-up at age 5 and/or 8 years by child race, according to covariates: the HOME study (2003–2006)
| Variable | Full sample n (%) | Black n (%) | White n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 253 (100) | 90 (36) | 145 (57) |
| Maternal age (years) | |||
| <25 | 57 (23) | 45 (50) | 8 (5) |
| 25 to <35 | 154 (61) | 40 (44) | 104 (72) |
| 35+ | 42 (17) | 5 (6) | 33 (23) |
| Maternal education | |||
| High school or less | 62 (25) | 51 (57) | 7 (5) |
| Some college | 71 (28) | 31 (34) | 37 (26) |
| Completed college | 120 (47) | 8 (9) | 101 (70) |
| Maternal race | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 83 (33) | 82 (91) | 1 (0) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 152 (60) | 5 (6) | 142 (98) |
| Other | 18 (7) | 3 (3) | 2 (1) |
| Annual income | |||
| <$30,000 | 82 (32) | 70 (78) | 9 (6) |
| $30,000–$75,000 | 77 (30) | 17 (19) | 55 (38) |
| ≥$75,000 | 94 (37) | 3 (3) | 81 (56) |
| Maternal smokinga | |||
| Unexposed | 78 (31) | 5 (6) | 66 (56) |
| Secondhand smoking | 116 (46) | 40 (44) | 71 (49) |
| Active smoking | 59 (23) | 45 (50) | 8 (6) |
| Parity | |||
| 0 | 114 (45) | 29 (32) | 73 (50) |
| 1 | 79 (31) | 29 (32) | 46 (32) |
| 2+ | 60 (24) | 32 (36) | 26 (18) |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | |||
| Normal/underweight: <25 | 125 (49) | 32 (36) | 83 (57) |
| Overweight: ≥25 to <30 | 65 (26) | 23 (26) | 38 (26) |
| Obese: ≥30 | 63 (25) | 35 (39) | 24 (17) |
| Child sex | |||
| Female | 140 (55) | 57 (63) | 76 (52) |
Percentages reflect columns (e.g., race) within each study sample characteristic.
aMaternal smoking during pregnancy estimated based on maternal serum cotinine concentrations during pregnancy. Unexposed smoking exposure defined as having serum cotinine concentrations <0.015 ng/mL, secondhand smoking exposure is defined by serum cotinine concentrations between 0.015 and <3.00 ng/mL, and active smoking includes those with serum cotinine concentrations ≥3.00 ng/mL.