Table 3.

Adjusted^a direct and indirect associations between child race and average child FSIQ scores at ages 5 and/or 8 years^b mediated through gestational and childhood urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations^c: the HOME study (2003–2006)

Metabolite	Visit	Gestationcβ (95% CI)	P	Childhooddβ (95% CI)	P
MCPP	Direct effect	−6.7 (−11.9, −1.6)	0.01	−8.6 (−13.8, −3.3)	<0.01
	Indirect effect	−0.2 (−1.7, 1.3)	0.82	1.5 (0.2, 3.2)	0.02
MiBP	Direct effect	−7.0 (−12.3, 1.9)	<0.01	−7.1 (−12.2, −1.9)	0.01
	Indirect effect	0.1 (−0.3, 0.7)	0.72	0.0 (−0.7, 0.5)	0.86
MBzP	Direct effect	−7.2 (−12.6, −1.5)	0.02	−7.4 (−12.2, −2.3)	<0.01
	Indirect effect	0.1 (−0.4, 0.7)	0.77	0.5 (−0.3, 1.7)	0.23
MBP	Direct effect	−7.0 (−11.5, −1.9)	<0.01	−6.9 (−11.9, −1.9)	<0.01
	Indirect effect	−0.1 (−0.5, 0.3)	0.81	−0.1 (−0.9, 0.5)	0.70
MCNPe	Direct effect	—	—	−7.1 (−12.5, −1.7)	0.01
	Indirect effect	—	—	0.0 (−0.7, 0.7)	0.91
MCOPe	Direct effect	—	—	−7.1 (−12.2, −1.6)	<0.01
	Indirect effect	—	—	0.1 (−0.6, 1.0)	0.72
ΣDEHPf	Direct effect	−6.3 (−11.8, −1.0)	0.01	−7.0 (−12.3, −1.7)	0.01
	Indirect effect	−0.6 (−1.9, 0.4)	0.21	0.0 (−0.7, 0.7)	0.92
MEP	Direct effect	−7.0 (−12.2, −2.0)	<0.01	−5.8 (−11.6, −0.4)	0.03
	Indirect effect	0.1 (−0.4, 0.8)	0.78	−1.1 (−3.0, 0.8)	0.24

^aAdjusted for maternal age (continuous), prepregnancy BMI (continuous), income (continuous), log-10 transformed average gestational cotinine concentration (continuous), and maternal FSIQ scores (continuous).

^bAverage FSIQ values represent the arithmetic mean of repeated child FSIQ scores. In cases where children only had one FSIQ measure, that value was used to represent the mean.

^cRepeated maternal urinary phthalate metabolites assessed at 16 and 26 weeks of gestation.

^dRepeated child urinary phthalate metabolites assessed at ages 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 yrs. Note, the average value of urinary phthalate concentrations does not include those collected at age 8 yrs since the primary outcome, average FSIQ consists of scores from ages 5 and 8 yrs.

^eWe did not measure MCNP or MCOP concentrations from maternal urine samples, as the method for these biomarkers had not yet been developed at the time of assays.

^fConcentrations of ΣDEHP (in ng/mL) were calculated using the following formula: ΣDEHP (ng/mL) = (MECPP [ng/mL]/308.33 g/mol + MEHHP [ng/mL]/294.347 g/mol + MEOHP [ng/mL]/292.331 g/mol) × 308.33 g/mol.