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. 2022 Apr 12;12:6074. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10000-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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QPV shows spatial and temporal dynamics of biomass motion within cells. (a) Grid markers depict 4 by 4 pixel intracellular volume centroids overlayed on an RPE cell at 120 X magnification (b) which deforms from (a) to (b) due to movement of the cells over 30 min. (c) Dry mass inside control volumes initial positions marked using magenta boxes travel along the black line to reach the final positions indicated using green boxes in (d) in 30 min. (e) Deformation velocity, the whole cell velocity subtracted intracellular velocity distribution of dry mass, inside the RPE cell, gives the magnitude of the deviation of each cell volume’s motion from its expected position. (f) Deformation velocity of dry mass in nucleus and cytoplasm of RPE cells, indicating magnitude of the local cell deformation, shows higher deformation in the cytoplasm than in the nucleus (n = 59, error bars show standard error of the mean). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.