TABLE 2.

Multivariate Cox analysis of plasma betaine levels and clinical outcomes.

Variable	HR	95% CI	p
Betaine (categorical variable)	2.080	1.033–4.188	0.040
Sex, female	0.801	0.354–1.812	0.595
WHO-FC	1.894	1.060–3.383	0.031
Creatinine, M m	1.027	1.002–1.052	0.037
BUN, Mm	0.845	0.685–1.042	0.116
Cardiac output index, L/(min/m2)	0.716	0.472–1.086	0.116

Betaine represents plasma betaine concentrations. Plasma betaine levels were put into the model as a categorical variable bounded by 50th percentile (49.8 μM). WHO-FC, World Health Organization Function Class; BUN, blood urea nitrogen.